Posted by Alex on Thursday, April 1, 2010 at 9:42pm.
Drawa graph of the function
f(x) = 1/x^2.
The summation
f(1) + f(2) + f(3) + ...
can be intepreted as the total area of the rectangles of heights f(1), f(2),
f(3),... and all of width 1.
If you draw these rectangles in your graph, the one with height f(1) is between x = 1 and x = 2, the rectangle of height f(2) is between x = 2 and x = 3, etc., then you clearly see that the total area of all the rectangles together is less than the area under the curve, due to the fact that f(x) is a decreasing function.
THe precise relation between the summation and the integration is given by the Euler–Maclaurin summation formula:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler–Maclaurin_formula
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