37. Both animals and plant cells undergo cytokinesis after mitosis ends. How is the process and its outcome the same for both animals and plant cells? How is the process and its outcome different for animal and plant cells?

Due to the presence of a cell wall, cytokinesis in plant cells is significantly different from that in animal cells. Rather than forming a contractile ring, plant cells construct a cell plate in the middle of the cell. The Golgi apparatus releases vesicles containing cell wall materials. These vesicles fuse at the equatorial plane and form a cell plate. The cell plate begins as a fusion tube network, which then becomes a tubulo-vesicular network (TVN) as more components are added. The TVN develops into a tubular network, which then becomes a fenestrated sheet which adheres to the existing plasma membrane

-MC

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The process of cytokinesis in both animal and plant cells is similar in the sense that it is the division of the cytoplasm following mitosis, resulting in two daughter cells. However, there are significant differences in the process and outcome between animal and plant cells.

In animal cells, cytokinesis is achieved through the formation of a contractile ring composed of actin and myosin filaments. This contractile ring contracts, causing a pinching inward at the equator of the cell until the cytoplasm is completely divided into two daughter cells. This results in the formation of a cleavage furrow, which eventually leads to the separation of the daughter cells.

On the other hand, plant cells have a cell wall that surrounds the plasma membrane. During cytokinesis in plant cells, a structure known as the cell plate is formed in the middle of the cell. The Golgi apparatus releases vesicles that contain cell wall materials, which then fuse together to form the cell plate. As more components are added, the cell plate develops into a tubular network, eventually becoming a fenestrated sheet that adheres to the existing plasma membrane. This process occurs along the equatorial plane of the cell and results in the formation of a new cell wall that separates the two daughter cells.

Overall, the process of cytokinesis in both animal and plant cells involves the division of the cytoplasm to produce two separate daughter cells. However, the specific mechanisms and structures involved in cytokinesis differ due to the presence of a cell wall in plant cells. Animal cells form a contractile ring, while plant cells form a cell plate. This difference in mechanism leads to a distinct outcome, with animal cells forming a cleavage furrow and plant cells forming a new cell wall.