Defend McCarthyism as appropriate for the time in which it occurred.
I would have a hard time defending McCarthyism. However, you may get some ideas from this article.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarthyism
It is a good technique to try to research arguments from both sides no matter your own views. It is also a good idea, as your question imples to put something in the context of the time when it occurred.
If you can get a copy Zoe Wannamaker's programme on the BBCs 'Who do you think you are' is good putting McCarthyism into context.
Defending McCarthyism as appropriate for the time in which it occurred requires an understanding of the historical context in which it took place. McCarthyism refers to the period of intense anti-communist sentiment and political repression in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Here's how you can assess the appropriateness of McCarthyism within its time:
1. Research the post-WWII era: Begin by understanding the fear and paranoia that permeated the United States in the aftermath of World War II. The American public was anxious about the rise of communism and the growing tensions of the Cold War with the Soviet Union.
2. Investigate the influence of the Soviet Union: Explore the Soviet Union's expansionist ambitions, aggressive ideology, and global strategies during this time. Recognize that the USSR was actively engaged in espionage and seeking to gain influence around the world, including within the United States.
3. Examine the historical threats: Assess the genuine threats that the United States faced during this period, such as the Soviet atomic bomb, the infiltration of spies within the government, and the potential for subversion by domestic communists. This underlines the need for national security measures during a time of perceived vulnerability.
4. Analyze McCarthy's role: Understand Senator Joseph McCarthy's rise to prominence as an outspoken anti-communist figure. Research his speeches, hearings, and tactics, such as alleging widespread communist infiltration within the government and entertainment industry.
5. Evaluate public sentiment: Consider the broader public support that McCarthyism initially enjoyed during this time. Many Americans were genuinely concerned about the potential communist influence and supported measures to protect national security. Factors such as the Red Scare, high-profile espionage cases, and communist aggression abroad contributed to this sentiment.
6. Reflect on the limitations: Acknowledge the excesses and abuses associated with McCarthyism, including the infringement of civil liberties, the disregard for due process, and the damage done to innocent individuals' reputations. Recognize that the indiscriminate nature of many investigations and the lack of substantial evidence against accused individuals undermined the legitimacy of McCarthy's crusade.
7. Consider the aftermath: Finally, examine the long-term consequences of McCarthyism. The eventual decline in public support, the exposure of McCarthy's excessive tactics, and the significant social and political repercussions led to a reevaluation of his actions and the rejection of McCarthyism as an appropriate response to anti-communism.
While it is possible to find some justifications for the initial concerns and fears motivating McCarthyism, it is essential to critically evaluate the appropriateness of the methods employed and the overall impact it had on American society and democracy.