Write the electron configuration for the following ground state atoms and ions. strontium+2 ion; iron element; selenium -2 ion; gallium +3 ion; and tin element.
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To find the electron configuration of an atom or ion, we need to know the number of electrons it has.
The electron configuration represents the distribution of electrons among the energy levels and orbitals of an atom or ion. It follows a specific pattern based on the Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund's rule.
Let's go through each of the given atoms and ions:
1. Strontium+2 ion:
Strontium (Sr) is located in period 5 of the periodic table and has an atomic number of 38, which means it has 38 electrons in its neutral state. The +2 ion indicates that strontium has lost two electrons.
To determine the electron configuration for the Sr+2 ion, we need to subtract two electrons from the neutral strontium configuration.
Neutral strontium electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s²
After subtracting two electrons: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶
2. Iron (Fe) element:
Iron (Fe) is located in period 4 of the periodic table and has an atomic number of 26, which means it has 26 electrons.
To find the electron configuration, we follow the Aufbau principle, which states that electrons occupy the lowest energy levels first.
Iron electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d⁶
3. Selenium-2 ion:
Selenium (Se) is located in period 4 of the periodic table and has an atomic number of 34, which means it has 34 electrons in its neutral state. The -2 ion indicates that selenium has gained two electrons.
To determine the electron configuration for the Se-2 ion, we need to add two electrons to the neutral selenium configuration.
Neutral selenium electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁴
After adding two electrons: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶
4. Gallium+3 ion:
Gallium (Ga) is located in period 4 of the periodic table and has an atomic number of 31, which means it has 31 electrons in its neutral state. The +3 ion indicates that gallium has lost three electrons.
To determine the electron configuration for the Ga+3 ion, we need to subtract three electrons from the neutral gallium configuration.
Neutral gallium electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p¹
After subtracting three electrons: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰
5. Tin (Sn) element:
Tin (Sn) is located in period 5 of the periodic table and has an atomic number of 50, which means it has 50 electrons.
Tin electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p²
Remember that the electron configuration represents the pattern in which electrons fill the energy levels and orbitals.