How did the two compromises reached during the Constitutional Convention satisfy competing groups?
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How did the two compromises reached during the Constitutional Convention satisfy competing groups?
During the Constitutional Convention, two key compromises were reached to address the conflicting interests of different groups: the Great Compromise and the Three-Fifths Compromise.
1. The Great Compromise:
- Step 1: To understand how this compromise satisfied competing groups, we need to know the background. During the Convention, there was a dispute over the issue of representation in the legislative branch. Large states wanted representation based on population, while smaller states feared being overshadowed by the larger ones and preferred equal representation for all states.
- Step 2: The Great Compromise, proposed by Roger Sherman, addressed this issue. It established a bicameral legislature with two chambers: the House of Representatives and the Senate.
- Step 3: In the House of Representatives, representation would be based on population, satisfying the large states' demand. Each state would be allocated seats based on its population, ensuring proportional representation.
- Step 4: In the Senate, however, each state would have an equal number of seats, regardless of population. This satisfied the smaller states' concerns by ensuring their voices would still be heard and preventing domination by larger states.
- Step 5: Overall, the Great Compromise balanced both the principles of proportional representation and equal representation, satisfying both the large and small states.
2. The Three-Fifths Compromise:
- Step 1: Another significant conflict at the Convention was over the issue of how enslaved individuals would be counted for determining a state's population and representation in Congress. Southern states wanted enslaved individuals to be counted as part of their population, while many in the North argued against this idea.
- Step 2: The Three-Fifths Compromise was the solution devised to resolve this dispute.
- Step 3: It stated that enslaved individuals would be counted as three-fifths of a person for determining both representation in the House of Representatives and direct taxation by the federal government.
- Step 4: By counting enslaved individuals as a fraction of a person, the compromise acknowledged the existence and influence of slavery, satisfying the Southern states' interests.
- Step 5: At the same time, it also placed a limitation on the political power of the slaveholding states, as they were unable to count each enslaved person fully towards representation.
- Step 6: Although this compromise was deeply flawed and morally problematic, it played a crucial role in gaining the support of Southern states, enabling the creation of the Constitution and the formation of the United States.
In summary, both the Great Compromise and the Three-Fifths Compromise satisfied competing groups by addressing their concerns over representation without completely disregarding the interests of either side. Although these compromises were imperfect, they were instrumental in securing the support needed to establish the foundations of the American government.