why is the reaction mixture(isopentyl acid, glacial acetic acid,concentrated ssulfuric acid) extracted with sodium bicarbonate?give an equation and explain its relevance
See above.
The reaction mixture, consisting of isopentyl acid, glacial acetic acid, and concentrated sulfuric acid, is extracted with sodium bicarbonate for a specific purpose.
First, let's understand why extraction is being performed. Extraction is a technique used to separate compounds from a mixture based on their solubilities in different solvents. In this case, the goal is to separate the organic compounds (isopentyl acid and glacial acetic acid), which are relatively nonpolar, from the inorganic acid (sulfuric acid), which is highly polar.
Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is used as the extracting agent because it can selectively react with the acid to form a salt (sodium bisulfate), which is more soluble in water than in the organic solvent. This allows for the separation of the organic compounds from the aqueous layer.
Here's the chemical equation for the reaction between sodium bicarbonate and sulfuric acid:
NaHCO3 + H2SO4 -> NaHSO4 + CO2 + H2O
In this reaction, sodium bicarbonate reacts with sulfuric acid to form sodium bisulfate (NaHSO4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and water (H2O).
The relevance of this reaction is that the formation of sodium bisulfate makes the acid more water-soluble while also neutralizing its acidity. This is important because when the mixture is subsequently extracted with water, the organic compounds will remain in the organic layer, while the sodium bisulfate dissolves in the aqueous layer. By separating the layers and collecting the organic layer, we can effectively separate the organic compounds from the inorganic acid.