Which of the following procedures increases the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a beaker of water.
1. heating water from 0 degrees C to 100 degrees C.
2. Cooling steam at 100 degrees C to ice at 0 degrees C.
3. Changing ice at 0 degrees to liquid water at 0 degrees C.
4. Changing liquid water at 100 degrees C to steam at 100 degrees C.
4 and 1
To determine which procedure increases the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a beaker of water, we need to understand that temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules.
Let's analyze each procedure:
1. Heating water from 0 degrees C to 100 degrees C: This procedure adds heat energy to the water, causing the water molecules to gain kinetic energy and increase their motion. Therefore, the average kinetic energy of the molecules increases.
2. Cooling steam at 100 degrees C to ice at 0 degrees C: In this procedure, heat energy is being removed from the steam, causing the water molecules to lose kinetic energy and slow down. Therefore, the average kinetic energy of the molecules decreases.
3. Changing ice at 0 degrees C to liquid water at 0 degrees C: This procedure involves adding heat energy to the ice, causing the water molecules to gain kinetic energy and transition from a solid to a liquid state. While there is an increase in kinetic energy due to the phase change, the average kinetic energy of the individual water molecules remains the same.
4. Changing liquid water at 100 degrees C to steam at 100 degrees C: In this procedure, heat energy is being added to the liquid water, causing the water molecules to gain kinetic energy and transition from a liquid to a gaseous state. Therefore, the average kinetic energy of the molecules increases.
Based on this analysis, the procedure that increases the average kinetic energy of the water molecules in the beaker is heating the water from 0 degrees C to 100 degrees C (procedure 1).