What properties of carbon explain carbon's ability to form many different macromolecules?

What happens to chemical bonds during chemical reactions?

Describe the role of energy in chemical reactions

what are enzymes, and how are they important to living things?

describe how enzymes work. including the role of the enzyme substrate complex

Probably B im not sure tho but pls try it

To understand the properties of carbon that explain its ability to form many different macromolecules, we need to consider carbon's atomic structure. Carbon has four valence electrons in its outermost shell, allowing it to form strong covalent bonds with other atoms, including other carbon atoms. This property of carbon is called catenation.

Catenation is the ability of an element, in this case, carbon, to form chains or rings by bonding with other atoms of the same element. This ability allows carbon to create a wide variety of molecular structures and configurations, leading to the formation of numerous macromolecules.

During chemical reactions, the existing chemical bonds are broken, rearranged, and new bonds are formed between atoms. This rearrangement of bonds results in the formation of new chemical substances with different properties than the original substances.

The energy in chemical reactions is crucial as it determines whether a reaction will occur or not. Chemical reactions require energy to break the existing bonds, which is called the activation energy. This energy input allows the reactant molecules to overcome the energy barrier and initiate a reaction. Once the reaction starts, energy is released or absorbed during the formation or breaking of bonds.

Enzymes are biological catalysts that accelerate chemical reactions within living organisms. They are essential for cellular processes as they increase the rate of reactions without being consumed or permanently altered themselves. Enzymes are usually proteins that act as highly specific catalysts for particular chemical reactions.

Enzymes function by binding to specific molecules called substrates. The substrate fits into the enzyme's active site, forming an enzyme-substrate complex. This binding process enables the enzyme to lower the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. By providing an optimal environment and orientation for the reaction, enzymes facilitate the conversion of substrates into products.

Once the reaction is complete, the products are released from the active site, and the enzyme is free to bind with another substrate molecule. This ability of enzymes to interact with multiple substrates makes them highly efficient and crucial for regulating and maintaining biological processes in living organisms.