When 0.100 mol of carbon is burned in a close vessel with 8.00g of oxygen, how many grams of carbon dioxide can form? Which reactant is in excess, and how many grams of it remain after the reaction?

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To determine the grams of carbon dioxide that can form, we first need to find out which reactant is limiting and which one is in excess.

1. Calculate the moles of carbon dioxide produced:
Balanced chemical equation: C + O2 -> CO2
Molar ratio: 1 mole of carbon reacts with 1 mole of oxygen to produce 1 mole of carbon dioxide.

Given:
Moles of carbon (C) = 0.100 mol
Molar mass of carbon dioxide (CO2) = 44.01 g/mol

Moles of carbon dioxide produced = Moles of carbon = 0.100 mol

2. Determine the limiting reactant:
The limiting reactant is the one that is completely consumed in the reaction and determines the maximum amount of product formed.

Given:
Mass of oxygen (O2) = 8.00 g
Molar mass of oxygen (O2) = 32.00 g/mol

Convert the mass of oxygen to moles:
Moles of oxygen = Mass of oxygen / Molar mass of oxygen
= 8.00 g / 32.00 g/mol
= 0.250 mol

Based on the balanced equation, 1 mole of carbon reacts with 1 mole of oxygen. Therefore, the moles of oxygen needed to react completely with 0.100 mol of carbon are also 0.100 mol.

Since we have 0.250 mol of oxygen, which is in excess, the carbon is the limiting reactant.

3. Calculate the grams of carbon dioxide formed:
Molar mass of carbon dioxide (CO2) = 44.01 g/mol

Mass of carbon dioxide formed = Moles of carbon dioxide produced × Molar mass of carbon dioxide
= 0.100 mol × 44.01 g/mol
= 4.401 g

Therefore, 4.401 grams of carbon dioxide can form.

4. Determine the remaining mass of the excess reactant (oxygen):
Moles of oxygen consumed = Moles of carbon (limiting reactant)

Moles of oxygen remaining = Moles of oxygen (initial) - Moles of oxygen consumed
= 0.250 mol - 0.100 mol
= 0.150 mol

Mass of oxygen remaining = Moles of oxygen remaining × Molar mass of oxygen
= 0.150 mol × 32.00 g/mol
= 4.80 g

Therefore, 4.80 grams of oxygen remain after the reaction.

In summary, 4.401 grams of carbon dioxide can form from the given reactants. The oxygen is the excess reactant, and 4.80 grams of it remain after the reaction.