1 natural selection
2 alleles
3 phenotype
4 evolution
5 DNA
6 genes
7 mutation
an organism's______________ is determined by its
GENOTYPE
which is coded in
________________
located in
________________
of which there are diferent
forms called
_________________
ENVIRONMENT
which,over time,can influence an organism through
__________________
and
__________________
and
__________________
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1. To understand how an organism's characteristics are determined, we need to consider the concept of natural selection. Natural selection is the process by which certain traits become more or less common in a population over time based on their impact on an organism's survival and reproductive success.
2. One key factor in determining an organism's traits is its genotype. The genotype refers to the specific combination of alleles an organism possesses for a given set of genes.
3. Alleles are different forms of a gene that code for different variations of a trait. For example, the gene for eye color may have alleles for blue, brown, or green eyes.
4. The genotype, which is the combination of alleles an organism carries, is coded in DNA. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a molecule that contains the genetic instructions for the development and functioning of all living organisms. DNA is found in the cells of all living organisms, and it serves as the hereditary material that is passed from one generation to the next.
5. DNA is located in the nucleus of most cells, where it is organized into structures called chromosomes. Each chromosome contains many individual genes, which are segments of DNA that code for specific proteins. These proteins play various roles in determining an organism's traits.
6. Genes contain the instructions for building and maintaining organisms. They are segments of DNA that provide the genetic information necessary for the production of specific proteins. These proteins govern the development and functioning of traits and characteristics.
7. Mutation is a process that introduces changes or alterations in the DNA sequence of a gene. Mutations can occur spontaneously or be caused by external factors such as radiation or chemicals. These changes in DNA can result in different alleles being present within a population.
Over time, the combination of an organism's genotype and the variation in alleles within a population can lead to the expression of different traits or characteristics, known as the phenotype. The phenotype is the observable physical or behavioral characteristics of an organism, which are influenced by both genetic factors (genotype) and environmental factors.
The environment can play a significant role in shaping an organism's phenotype. Environmental factors, such as climate, food availability, predators, and competition, can impose selective pressures on populations. Organisms with traits that are better suited to their environment have a higher chance of surviving and reproducing, thus passing their advantageous genes to future generations. This process is known as natural selection and is a driving force behind evolution.
In summary, an organism's genotype, which is coded in DNA located in the chromosomes, determines its genetic traits. These traits can exist in different forms called alleles. The phenotype, or the observable characteristics of an organism, is influenced by both its genotype and the environment it inhabits. Over time, natural selection can lead to changes in allele frequencies within a population, resulting in the evolution of traits better suited to the environment.