What is a pivotal event?

Please Help!!
Thanks!!

A pivotal event is an event that causes a person or a society or a nation to change.

Pivotal events in U.S. history include our independence, Civil War, Emancipation Proclamation, 19th Amendment, and Civil Rights Act.

I still don't get it, can you give me an example from the Hobbit book, thanks

A pivotal event is an important occurrence or happening that has a significant impact on the outcome or development of a situation, story, or individual's life. It can also be referred to as a turning point. Pivotal events often bring about a change in direction or perspective and have long-lasting consequences.

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