Match the psychological theories with the appropriate statement(s):
__Psychodynamic Theory __Trait Theory
__Learning Theory __Sociocultural
__Humanistic Theory
A. Individualism versus collectivism
B. Popular theorist Eysenck initiated the five-factor model.
C. The healthy personality is found in balancing the social self with the individual self.
D. Genetics determine the traits for a healthy personality, but how those traits are expressed are influenced by learning experiences, development of skills, and the ability to choose our own actions.
E. Popular theorists include Maslow and Rogers.
F. Popular theorists include Freud, Jung, and Erikson.
G. Social and cultural factors such as ethnicity, gender, culture, discrimination, and socioeconomic status influence one’s sense of self and his or her adjustment to society.
H. Taken from the European philosophy of Existentialism
I. Focus on the individuals’ capacity to build knowledge and adapt to the environments around them. Includes behaviorism and social-cognitive theory.
J. Personality is characterized by a struggle between different elements within an individual’s personality. Behavior, thoughts, and emotions are the result of this inner struggle.
K. Consists of five major personality factors which are reasonably stable elements of personality. These factors include extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience.
L. Popular theorists include Pavlov and Skinner.
M. Idea of the healthy personality is the ability to love and work.
N. A healthy personality means knowing one’s self, making authentic choices which are consistent with goals, and the capability of making real changes in their lives.
To match the psychological theories with the appropriate statements, we can examine the descriptions and key concepts associated with each theory. Let's go through each statement and determine which theory it corresponds to.
A. Individualism versus collectivism
This statement relates to Sociocultural theory, as it focuses on how social and cultural factors, such as ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status, influence one's sense of self and adjustment to society. Therefore, the appropriate theory is Sociocultural.
B. Popular theorist Eysenck initiated the five-factor model.
The five-factor model refers to the Trait Theory, which suggests that personality can be categorized into five major factors: extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience. Therefore, the appropriate theory is Trait Theory.
C. The healthy personality is found in balancing the social self with the individual self.
The concept of balancing the social self with the individual self aligns with Humanistic Theory. This theory emphasizes the importance of self-actualization and personal growth, highlighting the idea that a healthy personality involves authentic choices consistent with goals and the capability to make real changes in one's life. Therefore, the appropriate theory is Humanistic Theory.
D. Genetics determine the traits for a healthy personality, but how those traits are expressed are influenced by learning experiences, development of skills, and the ability to choose our own actions.
The interaction between genetics and environmental factors, as described in this statement, is associated with Learning Theory. Learning Theory focuses on how behavior and personality are shaped through experiences, skills development, and the ability to make choices. Therefore, the appropriate theory is Learning Theory.
E. Popular theorists include Maslow and Rogers.
The reference to popular theorists Maslow and Rogers aligns with Humanistic Theory. Both Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers are key figures in humanistic psychology, which emphasizes self-actualization, personal growth, and the importance of a person's subjective experience. Therefore, the appropriate theory is Humanistic Theory.
F. Popular theorists include Freud, Jung, and Erikson.
The inclusion of popular theorists Freud, Jung, and Erikson indicates the Psychodynamic Theory. These theorists focused on the role of unconscious processes, the development of personality through stages, and the interplay between different elements within an individual's personality. Therefore, the appropriate theory is Psychodynamic Theory.
G. Social and cultural factors such as ethnicity, gender, culture, discrimination, and socioeconomic status influence one's sense of self and adjustment to society.
This statement is similar to statement A, which we already associated with Sociocultural theory. Therefore, the appropriate theory is Sociocultural.
H. Taken from the European philosophy of Existentialism.
Existentialism is not directly associated with any of the listed psychological theories. Therefore, we cannot match this statement with any specific theory.
I. Focus on the individuals' capacity to build knowledge and adapt to the environments around them. Includes behaviorism and social-cognitive theory.
The focus on individual capacity and adaptation aligns with Learning Theory. Behaviorism and social-cognitive theory, which are mentioned in the statement, are both subsets of Learning Theory. Therefore, the appropriate theory is Learning Theory.
J. Personality is characterized by a struggle between different elements within an individual's personality. Behavior, thoughts, and emotions are the result of this inner struggle.
The statement describes the central idea behind Psychodynamic Theory, which suggests that behavior, thoughts, and emotions are influenced by a struggle between different elements within an individual's personality. Therefore, the appropriate theory is Psychodynamic Theory.
K. Consists of five major personality factors that are reasonably stable elements of personality. These factors include extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience.
This statement refers to the five-factor model, which we associated with the Trait Theory in statement B. Therefore, the appropriate theory is Trait Theory.
L. Popular theorists include Pavlov and Skinner.
The mention of Pavlov and Skinner indicates the field of behaviorism, which is a subset of Learning Theory. Therefore, the appropriate theory is Learning Theory.
M. Idea of the healthy personality is the ability to love and work.
This statement aligns with Humanistic Theory, which emphasizes self-actualization and personal growth. The ability to love and work is seen as important for a healthy personality in this theory. Therefore, the appropriate theory is Humanistic Theory.
N. A healthy personality means knowing oneself, making authentic choices consistent with goals, and the capability of making real changes in one's life.
This statement is similar to statement C, which we already associated with Humanistic Theory. Therefore, the appropriate theory is Humanistic Theory.
Based on the analysis, the matching psychological theories for the statements are as follows:
Psychodynamic Theory: F, J
Trait Theory: B, K
Learning Theory: I, L
Sociocultural: A, G
Humanistic Theory: C, E, M, N