what was the political structures in China and India during 8000 BCE - 600 CE?
Your best source of this information is your textbook. Internet sources usually don't generalize about an 8,600-year time span in two different countries.
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its my summer work.. i havent got my book yet
During the time period of 8000 BCE to 600 CE, both China and India went through significant political developments. Please note that available historical records for this time period are limited, and there may be some variations in interpretations and regional differences within the two countries. However, I can provide a general overview of the political structures in China and India during this period.
China (8000 BCE - 600 CE):
China developed several political structures:
1. Neolithic Tribes (8000 BCE - 2000 BCE): In early China, people lived in small tribes, and leadership was likely based on kinship ties or the guidance of respected elders.
2. Shang Dynasty (1600 BCE - 1046 BCE): The Shang Dynasty marked the start of recorded Chinese history. It was a feudal society ruled by kings who held significant political and religious authority. They headed a bureaucratic administration with different levels of government officials.
3. Zhou Dynasty (1046 BCE - 256 BCE): The Zhou Dynasty introduced the concept of the "Mandate of Heaven." The Zhou rulers claimed authority by proclaiming they had a divine mandate to govern. This period saw the emergence of feudalism and an organized bureaucracy.
4. Qin Dynasty (221 BCE - 206 BCE): The short-lived but highly influential Qin Dynasty unified China for the first time. It established a centralized bureaucratic system, standardized law, and implemented various reforms.
5. Han Dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE): The Han Dynasty continued the centralized governance initiated by the Qin Dynasty. It established a Confucian-based imperial system and introduced the civil service examination, which played a crucial role in selecting government officials.
India (8000 BCE - 600 CE):
1. Indus Valley Civilization (3300 BCE - 1300 BCE): During this period, the urbanized Indus Valley Civilization flourished in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent. The precise political structures of this civilization are not well understood due to the lack of deciphered written records.
2. Vedic Period (1500 BCE - 500 BCE): The Vedic period witnessed the composition of the Rigveda and the establishment of early Indian society. Society was divided into varnas (social classes) based on birth, with priests (Brahmans) holding significant power.
3. Maurya Empire (322 BCE - 185 BCE): The Maurya Empire, under the rule of Emperor Chandragupta Maurya and later Emperor Ashoka, achieved political unity over most of the Indian subcontinent. It had a centralized administration and an extensive bureaucracy.
4. Gupta Empire (320 CE - 550 CE): The Gupta Empire marked a period of centralized rule, economic prosperity, and the flourishing of arts and sciences. The Gupta rulers controlled a large part of northern India and followed a decentralized administrative system.
It's important to note that these are generalized descriptions, and there were regional variations and smaller political entities within both China and India during this time period. Studying specific historical sources and archaeological findings can provide a more detailed understanding of the political structures of ancient China and India.