1. The rationale for punishment and correction comes from

A. the social contract theory.
B. RawlsÂ’s theory.
C. utilitarianism.
D. egoism.

2. The two major justifications for treatment and punishment are
A. incapacitation and deterrence.
B. just deserts and retribution.
C. retribution and prevention.
D. restorative justice and prevention.

3. Which of the following statements applies to the retributive rationale for punishment?
A. Justice is based on personal vengeance.
B. Punishment is the only way the individual can achieve salvation.
C. Punishment doesnÂ’t balance the advantage gained by a wrongdoer.
D. This rationale is based solely on who the criminal is rather than on the criminalÂ’s
actions.

4. The “just war” is consistent with a system of ethics that follows
A. utilitarianism. C. egoism.
B. ethical formalism. D. cultural relativity.

5. The federal legislation that allows agencies to spy on Americans without reasonable
suspicion is the _______ Act.
A. Total Information Awareness C. Patriot
B. Operation TIPS D. Terrorist

6. Under which rationale is punishing a passion murderer justified?
A. Retribution C. Restorative justice
B. Deterrence D. Incapacitation

7. Habitual felon laws are
A. not widely debated.
B. involved with only the felonÂ’s most recent crime.
C. almost universally agreed upon.
D. not unconstitutional.

8. Which ethical system supports the prevention justification for punishment?
A. Ethical formalism C. Utilitarianism
B. Relativism D. Egoism

9. Which ethical system supports the retributive view of punishment?
A. Ethical formalism C. Utilitarianism
B. Relativism D. Egoism

10. The ethics of care supports which of the following?
A. Treatment C. Deterrence
B. Retributive punishment D. Just deserts

11. Which of the following statements applies to RawlsÂ’s defense of punishment?
A. ItÂ’s an alternative to utilitarianism and retributivism.
B. ItÂ’s acceptable to treat people as a means to an end as long as youÂ’re trying to reach a
desirable goal.
C. Loss of rights should occur only when itÂ’s consistent with the best interests of the least
advantaged.
D. Punishment should continue even when the offender instead of the victim or society
becomes the one with the least advantage.

12. Which of the following ethical systems can both support and condemn capital punishment?
A. Ethics of care C. Ethical formalism
B. Retributivism D. Utilitarianism

13. Which of the following statements applies to correctional officers?
A. The correctional officersÂ’ code of ethics bears little similarity to the law enforcement
code of ethics.
B. The correctional officersÂ’ code of ethics emphasizes integrity, protection of individual
rights, and service to the public.
C. The correctional officersÂ’ subculture permits lugging drugs and weapons for inmates.
D. The correctional officersÂ’ subculture is fairly consistent with their formal code of ethics.

14. The fundamental duty of public servants is to
A. protect human rights.
B. engage in crime control.
C. protect the public against terrorists.
D. enforce all laws.

15. Which of the following rationales would support capital punishment?
A. Ethics of care C. Incapacitation
B. Retributivism D. Religion

16. Which of the following systems of belief is concerned with making victims whole, as they
were before the crime?
A. Retributivism C. Restorative justice
B. Deterrence D. Treatment

17. Detainees in Guantanamo have the right to challenge their detention in United States
federal courts under the U.S. Supreme Court case of
A. Hamdi v. Rumsfeld. C. Bin Laden v. Gonzalez.
B. Clark v. Martinez. D. Rasul v. Bush.

18. Which of the following actions applies to the correctional officersÂ’ code of ethics?
A. Acceptance of gifts, services, or favors
B. Protection of the publicÂ’s right to be safeguarded from criminal activity
C. Use of discretion regarding objectivity
D. Support of officer sanctions against inmates on a case-by-case basis

19. The “war on terror” has replaced the
A. crime control emphasis of police.
B. “war on drugs.”
C. “race for space.”
D. Cold War.

20. Which of the following applies to the subculture of probation and parole officers?
A. A norm of optimism regarding clients exists.
B. A norm against informing on fellow officers exists.
C. A norm of maximal work output exists.
D. A norm of group versus individual decisions exists.

Guess what, Anon., no wonder you are having a problem...that is not economics. That is a criminal justice test and we don't take YOUR tests for you. After you have done the studying and answered the questions, please repost and we will be happy to make suggestions.

1. The rationale for punishment and correction comes from

A. the social contract theory.
B. Rawls’s theory.
C. utilitarianism.
D. egoism.

2. The two major justifications for treatment and punishment are
A. incapacitation and deterrence.
B. just deserts and retribution.
C. retribution and prevention.
D. restorative justice and prevention.

3. Which of the following statements applies to the retributive rationale for punishment?
A. Justice is based on personal vengeance.
B. Punishment is the only way the individual can achieve salvation.
C. Punishment doesn’t balance the advantage gained by a wrongdoer.
D. This rationale is based solely on who the criminal is rather than on the criminal’s
actions.

4. The “just warÂ� is consistent with a system of ethics that follows
A. utilitarianism. C. egoism.
B. ethical formalism. D. cultural relativity.

5. The federal legislation that allows agencies to spy on Americans without reasonable
suspicion is the _______ Act.
A. Total Information Awareness C. Patriot
B. Operation TIPS D. Terrorist

6. Under which rationale is punishing a passion murderer justified?
A. Retribution C. Restorative justice
B. Deterrence D. Incapacitation

7. Habitual felon laws are
A. not widely debated.
B. involved with only the felon’s most recent crime.
C. almost universally agreed upon.
D. not unconstitutional.

8. Which ethical system supports the prevention justification for punishment?
A. Ethical formalism C. Utilitarianism
B. Relativism D. Egoism

9. Which ethical system supports the retributive view of punishment?
A. Ethical formalism C. Utilitarianism
B. Relativism D. Egoism

10. The ethics of care supports which of the following?
A. Treatment C. Deterrence
B. Retributive punishment D. Just deserts

11. Which of the following statements applies to Rawls’s defense of punishment?
A. It’s an alternative to utilitarianism and retributivism.
B. It’s acceptable to treat people as a means to an end as long as you’re trying to reach a
desirable goal.
C. Loss of rights should occur only when it’s consistent with the best interests of the least
advantaged.
D. Punishment should continue even when the offender instead of the victim or society
becomes the one with the least advantage.

12. Which of the following ethical systems can both support and condemn capital punishment?
A. Ethics of care C. Ethical formalism
B. Retributivism D. Utilitarianism

13. Which of the following statements applies to correctional officers?
A. The correctional officers’ code of ethics bears little similarity to the law enforcement
code of ethics.
B. The correctional officers’ code of ethics emphasizes integrity, protection of individual
rights, and service to the public.
C. The correctional officers’ subculture permits lugging drugs and weapons for inmates.
D. The correctional officers’ subculture is fairly consistent with their formal code of ethics.

14. The fundamental duty of public servants is to
A. protect human rights.
B. engage in crime control.
C. protect the public against terrorists.
D. enforce all laws.

15. Which of the following rationales would support capital punishment?
A. Ethics of care C. Incapacitation
B. Retributivism D. Religion

16. Which of the following systems of belief is concerned with making victims whole, as they
were before the crime?
A. Retributivism C. Restorative justice
B. Deterrence D. Treatment

17. Detainees in Guantanamo have the right to challenge their detention in United States
federal courts under the U.S. Supreme Court case of
A. Hamdi v. Rumsfeld. C. Bin Laden v. Gonzalez.
B. Clark v. Martinez. D. Rasul v. Bush.

18. Which of the following actions applies to the correctional officers’ code of ethics?
A. Acceptance of gifts, services, or favors
B. Protection of the public’s right to be safeguarded from criminal activity
C. Use of discretion regarding objectivity
D. Support of officer sanctions against inmates on a case-by-case basis

19. The “war on terrorÂ� has replaced the
A. crime control emphasis of police.
B. “war on drugs.Â�
C. “race for space.Â�
D. Cold War.

20. Which of the following applies to the subculture of probation and parole officers?
A. A norm of optimism regarding clients exists.
B. A norm against informing on fellow officers exists.
C. A norm of maximal work output exists.
D. A norm of group versus individual decisions exists.

You forgot about the part - we don't take your tests for you.

,pmp

This is Criminal justice ethics but good job

1. The rationale for punishment and correction comes from various theories of ethics and social contract. One of the theories that supports punishment is the social contract theory, which states that people agree to follow certain rules and laws in order to maintain order and prevent chaos in society. Therefore, the answer to question 1 is A. To find this answer, you would need to have knowledge about different ethical theories and their views on punishment.

2. The two major justifications for treatment and punishment are incapacitation and deterrence. Incapacitation refers to removing offenders from society in order to prevent them from committing further crimes, while deterrence refers to using punishment as a deterrent to discourage others from committing crimes. Therefore, the answer to question 2 is A. To find this answer, you would need to know the definitions and concepts of incapacitation and deterrence.

3. The retributive rationale for punishment is based on the belief that punishment is necessary to balance the advantage gained by a wrongdoer. It is not based on personal vengeance or the individual's salvation. Therefore, the answer to question 3 is C. To find this answer, you would need to understand the concept and principles of retributive rationale for punishment.

4. The "just war" is consistent with a system of ethics that follows ethical formalism, which emphasizes following universal moral principles and rules. Therefore, the answer to question 4 is B. To find this answer, you would need to have knowledge about different ethical systems and their views on war.

5. The federal legislation that allows agencies to spy on Americans without reasonable suspicion is the Patriot Act. Therefore, the answer to question 5 is C. To find this answer, you would need to have knowledge about U.S. federal legislation related to surveillance and national security.

Please let me know if you would like me to explain the answers to the remaining questions as well.