Why should a political system be unitary, federal, or confederal? If the U.S. were to have another constitutional convention, would we keep a federal system or change it?
Your first question: I am not so certain in my mind it matters in the long run. Any system can be effective, or a disaster, it depends on the collective psyche of those governed, and the leadership, whether the system will work or not. Our own system has undergone a great morpth since John Adams.
Second question: I doubt if it would stay the same. Our world of rapid communications and fanatics, at any one time one group or the other can gain a temporary upperhand. Lord only knows what would happen. I still remember the recent campaign slogans of the libertarians in the last presidential election. They stand mainly against everything since John Paul Jones was a midshipman...and look to John Locke as their spiritual leader. So I don't think anyone can predict what you happen, that is one of the safeguards against anyone daring calling a constitutional convention for any "limited" purpose.
The choice between a unitary, federal, or confederal political system depends on various factors, including the size and diversity of a country, its history, cultural differences, and decision-making processes. Here's an explanation of each type:
1. Unitary System: In a unitary system, power is concentrated in a centralized government, which exercises control over subordinate regions or local governments. This system promotes uniformity and efficiency in decision-making, as all policies and laws come from a single authority. It is typically suited for smaller countries with a homogeneous population, where the central government can effectively govern without the need for significant regional autonomy.
2. Federal System: In a federal system, power is divided between a central government and regional or state governments. Both levels of government have their own spheres of authority and autonomy, which are protected by a constitution. This system allows for regional diversity, protects minority rights, and accommodates the interests of different regions within a country. Federal systems work well when a country is geographically large, culturally diverse, or politically fragmented.
3. Confederal System: A confederal system is characterized by a weak central government with significant power devolved to independent states or regions. In this system, states have more authority than the central government and can typically withdraw from the confederation if they choose to. It is commonly adopted in situations where sovereign states come together for specific purposes, like defense or economic cooperation, while maintaining considerable autonomy.
Regarding whether the U.S. would keep its federal system or change it in a future constitutional convention, this is a speculative question. The choice would depend on various factors, including the prevailing political climate, the desires of the states and citizens, and the perceived strengths and weaknesses of the existing system. It would require a careful evaluation of the country's needs and aspirations to determine if a new system should be implemented or amendments made to the existing federal system. Ultimately, such a decision would involve a wide range of perspectives and could lead to different outcomes.