When two bodies are charged, the total charge before and after charging remains the same because of:

A. quantization of charges
B. conservation of charges
C. law of induction
D. Coulomb's law
it is B?

When a conducting sphere is charged positively, intially the charge is deposited on the left side. However, due to the sphere's conducting nature, the charge spreads uniformly throughout the surface to the sphere. Charge is uniformly distributed because:
A. charged atoms at the location of charge distribute throughout the surface.
B. excess protons move from the location of charge to rest.
C. excess protons within the sphere move toward excess protons.
D. excess charge within the sphere moves out into the ground from the surface.
I think it is C?..or a?

b for the first one. On the second, none of the answers are very good. Atoms do not move (a), Protons do not move(b,c), and d makes no sense as you have described it. In conductors, only electrons are free to move around.

Go with answer d, the others are just plain wrong.

For the first question, to determine the correct option, we need to understand the concept of charge conservation. The Law of Conservation of Charge states that the total charge of an isolated system remains constant before and after any charging or discharging process. This principle is based on the fact that charges are neither created nor destroyed, but they can only be transferred from one object to another.

So, the correct answer is B. conservation of charges.

For the second question, we need to consider the behavior of charges on a conducting sphere. In a conducting material, electrons are free to move, allowing the charges to distribute themselves evenly across the surface. This is known as electrostatic equilibrium.

Option C suggests that excess protons within the sphere move toward other excess protons, which is incorrect. Excess charges would repel each other and distribute themselves as far apart as possible on the conducting surface.

Option A suggests that charged atoms at the location of charge distribute throughout the surface, which is also incorrect. Conducting materials do not have individual atoms with fixed positions, but rather a sea of delocalized electrons that can move freely.

Option B states that excess protons move from the location of charge to rest, which is not the correct explanation.

Option D suggests that excess charge within the sphere moves out into the ground from the surface, which is also incorrect. In an isolated conducting sphere, there is no direct contact with the ground for charge to flow out.

The correct answer is A. Charge is uniformly distributed because charged atoms at the location of the charge distribute themselves throughout the surface due to the free movement of electrons in the conductor.

For the first question, you are correct. The answer is B. Conservation of charges. This principle states that charges cannot be created or destroyed but only transferred from one object to another. So, in a closed system, the total charge remains constant before and after charging.

For the second question, the correct answer is D. Excess charge within the sphere moves out into the ground from the surface. When a conducting sphere is charged positively, any excess charge will distribute itself uniformly over the entire surface of the sphere. This happens because like charges repel each other, causing the excess charge to spread out as much as possible. The excess charge can also flow to the ground if the sphere is connected to it, ensuring that the charge is uniformly distributed.