does H2+ EXIST? IF NOT, HOW CAN WE OBTAIN MOLECULAR ORBITAL DIAGRAMS FOR IT?IF YES,HOW CAN WE SATISFY THE FACT THAT ONLY IONS WILL HAVE CHARGES?
Yes, the molecule H2+ does exist. It is a dihydrogen cation, which means it is a hydrogen molecule that has lost an electron, resulting in a positive charge.
To obtain a molecular orbital (MO) diagram for H2+, we need to consider the combination of atomic orbitals of the two hydrogen atoms. The atomic orbital from each hydrogen atom can overlap to form molecular orbitals.
Here's how to obtain the MO diagram for H2+:
1. Start by drawing the molecular orbital energy diagram, which consists of two vertical lines representing the atomic orbitals of the hydrogen atoms.
2. Label one line as "H1" and the other line as "H2" to represent the two hydrogen atoms.
3. Since H2+ has lost an electron, only one electron needs to be considered. Place an upward arrow on the "H1" line to represent the electron from the hydrogen atom that retained its electron.
4. According to the Aufbau principle, the electrons will fill the molecular orbitals from lower to higher energy levels.
5. Given that there is only one electron, it will occupy the lowest energy orbital, which is the bonding molecular orbital. Place a filled arrow pointing upwards on the "H1-H2" bonding molecular orbital line.
6. Because the anti-bonding molecular orbital is not occupied, leave it empty in the diagram.
7. Finally, write the electron configuration for H2+ as (σ1s)^2, indicating the occupation of the bonding molecular orbital by the single electron.
Regarding charges, ions indeed have charges, but in the case of H2+, it is a positively charged ion. The positive charge implies a deficiency of one electron, making it a cation. The molecular orbital diagram represents the electron configuration and energy levels rather than the actual charge of the molecule or ion.