In frequently used shortcuts in judjing others,are there any examples for Selective Perception, Halo Error and Stereotyping?
yee fong, Maggie, Ray or whoever --
You may have to search and research, but once you learn some good sources and methods, you should have success. In addition to searching on the Internet, you also need to make best friends with the reference librarian(s) in your local or college library. Libraries these days subscribe to enormous research databases, and they are often more useful than Internet searches. Ask your librarian if you have access to EBSCOHost -- it has several databases within it, including at least three for health sciences, one for military and government, one huge one for academic research, and others.
For Internet searching:
http://hanlib.sou.edu/searchtools/
At this webpage, you can go immediately to the search sites (first three columns across the top) -- or even better you can scroll down until you see the section called HOW TO SEARCH THE INTERNET. Those are the links to start with. You'll not only learn how to come up with good search terms, but also how to evaluate the webpages you get as results. Some will be good and others will be garbage. You need to know how to tell the difference.
My favorite way to search is to go to Google's advanced search page http://www.google.com/advanced_search?hl=en and put my search words or phrases into the first or second search box (either "all the words" or "exact phrase"). Another is to start out at http://scholar.google.com. However, there many other strategies for searching you can use, and the HOW TO SEARCH THE INTERNET section will help you best.
Learning to use Google or other search engines can save you time and help you learn to find information efficiently. Here are some websites that can teach you how:
http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/TeachingLib/Guides/Internet/FindInfo.html
http://hanlib.sou.edu/searchtools/searchtips.html
http://www.pandia.com/goalgetter/index.html
http://websearch.about.com/mbody.htm?once=true&COB=home&PM=112_100_T
... and one to help you judge whether a particular website's information is worth your time:
http://hanlib.sou.edu/searchtools/evaluate.html
Happy searching.
=)
Selective Perception, Halo Error, and Stereotyping are cognitive biases or mental shortcuts that people often use when judging others. Here are some examples:
1. Selective Perception: This bias occurs when people selectively interpret or perceive information based on their own beliefs, expectations, or preferences. For example, if someone has a preconceived notion that all politicians are corrupt, they may selectively perceive and focus on instances of corruption among politicians, while ignoring or downplaying any evidence to the contrary.
2. Halo Error: This bias happens when people make judgments about someone based on one positive characteristic or trait. For instance, if a person is physically attractive, others may assume they are also intelligent, kind, or talented in other areas without having any evidence to support those assumptions.
3. Stereotyping: This bias involves making generalizations or assumptions about a group of people based on limited information or stereotypes associated with that group. For example, assuming that all individuals from a particular ethnic or religious background possess the same characteristics or behavior.
To recognize these biases in yourself or others, it's essential to be aware of them and actively challenge and question your own assumptions and judgments. Keep an open mind, gather relevant information, and consider the individual and unique attributes of each person before making judgments.