study guide last one
purpose of 3 types of RNA
My answer
1. rRNA - bonds proteins and mRNA to provide the site of protein synthesis
2. tRNA - is used to pair their anticodons with the matching condons on the mRNA strand
3. mRNA - is to be the transcript of the DNA sequence and the template for protein syntheis by the ribosome during translation
Numbers 2 and 3 are right for sure. I don't know about number 1
To understand the purpose of the three types of RNA, one must first understand the central dogma of molecular biology. The central dogma states that the flow of genetic information in cells is from DNA to RNA to protein. RNA, which stands for ribonucleic acid, plays a crucial role in this process.
1. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA):
The purpose of rRNA is to form the structural component of ribosomes, which are the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis. Ribosomes consist of both proteins and rRNA. The rRNA molecules within the ribosomes provide a platform for protein synthesis by bonding proteins and mRNA (messenger RNA) to create the site where translation occurs. During translation, rRNA helps in decoding the genetic information carried by mRNA and facilitates the assembly of amino acids to form proteins.
2. Transfer RNA (tRNA):
tRNA molecules are responsible for transporting amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis. Each tRNA molecule carries a specific amino acid and recognizes specific nucleotide sequences, called codons, on the mRNA molecule. These codons determine the sequence of amino acids in the growing polypeptide chain. The tRNA molecule pairs its anticodon, which is a complementary sequence to the codon on the mRNA, allowing for precise matching between codons and anticodons. This ensures the correct amino acid is added to the growing protein chain during translation.
3. Messenger RNA (mRNA):
The purpose of mRNA is to carry the genetic information encoded in DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis. mRNA is transcribed from a specific DNA sequence during a process called transcription. It serves as a template for protein synthesis by carrying the instructions for the sequence of amino acids that make up a particular protein. mRNA molecules carry codons, which are three-nucleotide sequences that code for a specific amino acid or a stop signal. Once the mRNA reaches the ribosome, the codons are recognized by tRNA molecules, and the corresponding amino acids are added to the growing protein chain.
In summary, rRNA forms the structural component of ribosomes, tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome, and mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis. Together, these three types of RNA work in coordination to ensure accurate and efficient protein synthesis.