Sara sets up an experiment with a control group and a experimental group to study how reading to preschool children may improve their first-grade reading achievement scores. In her study, the independent variable will be

A first-grade reading achievement scores
B reading to children
C being in the experimental group
D having been read to as a preschool.
I belive the correct answer is B

yes.

I see little difference between B and D, but D seems to be more precise for this experiment.

Since the purpose is to "study how reading to preschool children may improve their first-grade reading achievement scores," D would be the independent variable. The first-grade reading scores would be the dependent variable.

I agree with Ms.Sue.

I hope this helps a little more. Thanks for asking.

You are correct! In Sara's study, the independent variable will be reading to children. The independent variable is the factor that the researcher intentionally manipulates or changes in an experiment. In this case, Sara wants to investigate how reading to preschool children may improve their first-grade reading achievement scores. Therefore, she will control and manipulate the variable of reading to children in order to observe its effect on the dependent variable, which is the first-grade reading achievement scores. The independent variable, in this case, is B - reading to children.