Please provide a detailed description of both the Avignon Papacy and the Hundred Years War, and tell me how each contributed to the end of the Middle Ages.
This sounds somewhat a college assignment to me. Are you asking us to do your work for you?
No its a question on my final tomorrow
Please note that your School Subject is NOT "college."
These sites will give you plenty of detailed descriptions.
http://faculty.ucc.edu/egh-damerow/avignon_papacy.htm
http://historymedren.about.com/od/thepapacy/p/avignon_papacy.htm
http://ehistory.osu.edu/osu/archive/hundredyearswar.cfm?CFID=5504462&CFTOKEN=45857136&jsessionid=ea302bd9381710c4123514f6a22973792465
http://www.theotherside.co.uk/tm-heritage/background/100yearswar.htm
http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/endmiddle/
http://historymedren.about.com/od/gettingstarted/a/defining.htm
Avignon Papacy:
http://www.google.com/search?q=avignon+papacy&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a
Hundred Years War:
http://www.google.com/search?q=hundred+years+war&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a
End of the Middle Ages:
http://www.google.com/search?q=end+of+middle+ages&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a
After you've done some reading and thinking, be sure to let us know what you think.
=)
Thanks for being helpful :-)
The Avignon Papacy, also known as the Babylonian Captivity, refers to the period between 1309 and 1376 when the papal seat was temporarily relocated from Rome to Avignon, France. The Hundred Years War was a protracted conflict between England and France that lasted from 1337 to 1453. Both events had significant impacts on the end of the Middle Ages, and I'll explain each in detail.
The Avignon Papacy began when Pope Clement V, who was from France, decided to establish his residence in Avignon rather than Rome. This decision was influenced by political pressures and conflicts within the church. Subsequently, seven popes resided in Avignon during this period, leading to concerns about the papacy's independence from the French monarchy and its spiritual authority.
The Avignon Papacy contributed to the end of the Middle Ages in several ways:
1. Centralization of power: The relocation of the papacy to Avignon decreased the church's authority in Rome and strengthened the position of the French monarchy. This shift towards centralization of power had broader implications for the political landscape of Europe.
2. Church corruption and criticism: The Avignon Papacy was marked by corruption, nepotism, and lavish lifestyles among the popes and their courtiers. This led to growing criticism and discontent among the faithful, which eventually fueled calls for church reform.
3. Great Schism: Following the return of the papacy to Rome in 1376, a period of confusion and division ensued, known as the Great Schism. This schism involved rival claimants to the papal throne and caused a significant decline in the authority and credibility of the Catholic Church.
Moving on to the Hundred Years War, this conflict was primarily fought between England and France but involved various other European powers. It had a profound impact on the end of the Middle Ages for the following reasons:
1. Shift in warfare: The Hundred Years War witnessed the rise of new military tactics and weaponry, including the use of longbows and cannon, which revolutionized warfare. This shift in military technology contributed to the decline of the feudal system and the rise of standing armies, marking a transition toward more centralized nation-states.
2. National identity and political unity: The war intensified nationalistic sentiments in both England and France. It sparked a sense of solidarity and identity among the populations, leading to increased political unity within each country. This process of nation-building laid the groundwork for the modern nation-states we see today.
3. Social and economic consequences: The war had severe economic consequences for both countries, including population decline, widespread destruction, and economic disruptions. These factors led to socio-economic changes, such as the breakdown of feudalism and the rise of urban centers, which were important elements in the transition from the medieval to the modern era.
In conclusion, the Avignon Papacy and the Hundred Years War contributed to the end of the Middle Ages through various means. The Avignon Papacy challenged the authority and integrity of the Catholic Church, while the Hundred Years War brought significant changes in warfare, nationalism, and socio-economic structures. Together, these events set the stage for the transformations that reshaped Europe in the following centuries.