The hydrogen ion concentration of a substance is related to its acidity and basicity. Because hydrogen ion concentrations vary over a very wide range, logarithms are used to create a compressed pH scale, which is defined by pH=-log(H+)where (H+)is the hydrogen ion concentration, in moles per liter. Pure water has a pH of 7, which means it is neutral. Substances with a pH less than 7 are acidic, and those with a pH greater than 7 are basic. Compute the pH of each substance listed given the indicated hydrogen ion concentration. Assume that log(H+) is written with base 10.
a. Seawater, 4.63x10^-9
b. Vinegar, 9.32x10^-4
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All you have to do is compute the logs to base 10 of 4.63x10^-9 and 9.32x10^-4 , and add a minus sign.
For seawater, the answer is 8.33, which is 9.00 - log 4.63
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To compute the pH of a substance given its hydrogen ion concentration, you can use the equation pH = -log(H+), where H+ is the hydrogen ion concentration in moles per liter.
a. Seawater, 4.63x10^-9:
Using the equation pH = -log(H+), plug in the given hydrogen ion concentration.
pH of seawater = -log(4.63x10^-9)
To evaluate this expression, take the logarithm using base 10 of 4.63x10^-9, and then negate the result.
pH of seawater ≈ -(-8.33)
pH of seawater ≈ 8.33
Therefore, the pH of seawater is approximately 8.33.
b. Vinegar, 9.32x10^-4:
Similarly, using the equation pH = -log(H+), plug in the given hydrogen ion concentration.
pH of vinegar = -log(9.32x10^-4)
To evaluate this expression, take the logarithm using base 10 of 9.32x10^-4, and then negate the result.
pH of vinegar ≈ -(-3.03)
pH of vinegar ≈ 3.03
Therefore, the pH of vinegar is approximately 3.03.