1. Which statement about subatomic particles is NOT true? (1 point)

Protons and neutrons have almost the same mass.
Protons and electrons have opposite charges.

Unlike protons and electrons, neutrons have no charge.

Protons and neutrons have the same charge.

2. Which of the following is unique for any given element? (1 point)

the number of neutrons

the charge on the electrons

the number of protons

the mass of a neutron

3. Suppose an atom has a mass number of 35. Which statement is true beyond any doubt? (1 point)

The atom has an odd number of neutrons.

The atomic number is less than 17.

The atom is not an isotope.

The number of protons in the nucleus
does not equal the number of neutrons.

5. In Rutherford’s gold foil experiment, some of the____________________aimed at gold atoms bounced back, suggesting that a solid mass was at the center of the atom. (1 point)

6. Neutrons and_______________have almost the same mass. (1 point)

7. Which of the three subatomic particles—proton, electron, or neutron—has the least mass? (1 point)

8. If an atom has 32 protons and 38 neutrons, what is its mass number? (1 point)

9. Most calcium atoms have an atomic number of 20 and a mass number of 40, but some calcium atoms have a mass number of 48. What word could you use to describe these two kinds of calcium atoms? (1 point)

10. In the nucleus of an atom, there are 15 protons and 16 neutrons. What is the atomic number of this isotope? (1 point)

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1. The statement "Protons and neutrons have the same charge" is NOT true. The correct statement is "Protons and electrons have opposite charges." In order to determine this, you can recall the basic properties of subatomic particles. Protons have a positive charge (+1), electrons have a negative charge (-1), and neutrons have no charge (0). By understanding the charges of these particles, you can determine that protons and electrons have opposite charges.

2. The correct answer is "the number of protons" is unique for any given element. To determine this, you need to understand the basic structure of an atom. An atom consists of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The number of protons determines the atomic number of an element and is unique to each element. It identifies the element and distinguishes it from other elements.

3. The statement "The atom has an odd number of neutrons" is true beyond any doubt. To determine this, you need to understand the concept of the mass number. The mass number of an atom is the sum of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. Since the question states that the mass number of the atom is 35, it means that the sum of protons and neutrons is 35. An odd number can only be obtained by adding an odd number of neutrons to the number of protons.

5. In Rutherford’s gold foil experiment, some of the alpha particles aimed at gold atoms bounced back, suggesting that a solid mass was at the center of the atom. In this experiment, alpha particles were shot at a thin gold foil. Most of the alpha particles passed through the foil, but some were deflected or bounced back, indicating the presence of a solid mass (nucleus) at the center of the atom.

6. Neutrons and protons have almost the same mass. This can be determined by understanding the relative masses of subatomic particles. Protons and neutrons both have a mass of approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu), which is nearly 1.67x10^-27 kilograms.

7. The electron has the least mass among the three subatomic particles. This can be determined by comparing the relative masses of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The mass of an electron is about 1/1836 times the mass of a proton or neutron. Therefore, it has the smallest mass.

8. To determine the mass number of an atom, you need to add the number of protons and neutrons. In this case, the atom has 32 protons and 38 neutrons, so the mass number is 32 + 38 = 70.

9. The word you can use to describe the two kinds of calcium atoms is "isotopes." Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons and, therefore, different mass numbers. In this case, most calcium atoms have a mass number of 40, while some have a mass number of 48, indicating the presence of different isotopes.

10. The atomic number represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. In this case, the atom has 15 protons. Therefore, the atomic number of this isotope is 15.

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