Where do basic technical innovations most often originate?

Basic technical innovations most often originate from research and development (R&D) efforts. R&D is conducted by various entities such as universities, research institutions, government agencies, and private companies.

To understand where basic technical innovations come from, it's important to recognize the key players involved in the innovation ecosystem:

1. Universities: Many universities have departments dedicated to scientific research in fields like engineering, computer science, and medicine. Professors and their research teams often pursue innovative ideas and conduct experiments in their labs.

2. Research Institutions: Independent research institutions, both governmental and private, focus on advancing knowledge through research. These institutions often collaborate with universities and industry partners to conduct research and development.

3. Government Agencies: Many governments invest in technology and scientific research through funding initiatives. These agencies support R&D in various fields, including defense, energy, healthcare, and transportation.

4. Private Companies: Companies with a significant focus on innovation have their own R&D departments. They invest in exploring new ideas, developing prototypes, and conducting trials to bring innovative products or solutions to market.

5. Startups: Entrepreneurial individuals or small groups of innovators often form startups to develop cutting-edge technologies. Startups can derive their innovations from their own R&D efforts or by leveraging research conducted in universities or research institutions.

In summary, basic technical innovations can originate from a combination of research conducted by universities, research institutions, government agencies, private companies, and startups. These entities play a crucial role in pushing the boundaries of knowledge and developing new technologies.