thank you for all help so far.i just need one more thing.can't find information abour dialects and varieties of maori english.need some features of those dialects.thank you
You're welcome! I'm glad I could help. When it comes to dialects and varieties of Maori English, it may be a bit challenging to find specific information. However, I can guide you on how to conduct further research and provide some general features.
To gather information about dialects and varieties of Maori English, you can follow these steps:
1. Start with academic sources: Look for published research papers, articles, or books that focus on Maori English or New Zealand English. These sources often discuss dialectal variations and regional differences.
2. Explore linguistic databases: Access linguistic databases such as JSTOR, Google Scholar, or Academia.edu. Enter keywords like "Maori English dialects" or "varieties of Maori English" to find relevant studies and papers.
3. Check language variation and sociolinguistic studies: Look for studies that investigate language variation within New Zealand. These studies may also cover Maori English variants or dialects. The work of linguists like Miriam Meyerhoff or Allan Bell might be worth exploring.
Now, in terms of general features, Maori English can exhibit variations in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar. Here are a few notable characteristics:
1. Pronunciation: Maori English often has a distinct accent that includes features like the "wh" sound pronounced as "f" (e.g., "whale" becomes "fale") and the vowel sound in "bed" may shift towards "bid" (lowering of the /ɛ/ vowel).
2. Vocabulary: Maori English has incorporated loanwords from the Māori language, such as words like "kia ora" (a greeting meaning hello or thank you) or "hapū" (a Māori term for kinship group).
3. Grammar and Syntax: There may be some variations in sentence structure, syntax, and the use of certain grammatical forms in Maori English. For example, the omission of definite and indefinite articles (e.g., "I went to beach") or the use of "eh" at the end of a sentence as a tag question (e.g., "It's hot, eh?").
Remember, these features can vary across different regions and communities, so it's important to consult academic sources to get more detailed and specific information about the various dialects and varieties of Maori English.