Karl Lashley and Donald Olding Hebb have made towards the establishment of neurological-psychological theory.
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comparison between neurological theory and biologcal psychology
comparison between neurological theory and cognitive psychology
I suggest you study your assigned readings to find this information.
We'll be happy to comment on your comparisons.
I searched Google under the key words "biological psychology" to get these possible sources:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_psychology
http://psych.athabascau.ca/html/Psych289/Biotutorials/index.shtml?sso=true
Under cognitive psychology I found:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_psychology
http://psychology.about.com/od/cognitivepsychology/f/cogpsych.htm
Under neurology, I found:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurology
http://www.neurologychannel.com/aneurologist.shtml
With this information, you should be able to answer your own questions.
In the future, you can find the information you desire more quickly, if you use appropriate key words to do your own search. Also see http://hanlib.sou.edu/searchtools/. In searching, it always helps to spell the terms correctly.
I hope this helps. Thanks for asking.
Karl Lashley and Donald Olding Hebb have both made significant contributions to the field of neurological-psychological theory. Here's a brief explanation of their contributions:
1. Karl Lashley:
Karl Lashley was a prominent American psychologist and neuroscientist known for his work on the physical basis of learning and memory. He conducted extensive studies on rats, where he conducted lesion experiments to investigate how specific areas of the brain are involved in learning and memory processes. Lashley proposed the concept of "equipotentiality," which suggested that no specific brain area is solely responsible for a particular cognitive function. Instead, he argued for the idea of distributed representation, meaning that multiple brain regions work together to accomplish a cognitive task.
Lashley's famous experiments involved training rats on mazes and then surgically removing different parts of their brains to test the effect on their ability to remember the maze. He observed that the location of the brain lesions had little impact on the rats' learning and memory abilities, leading him to conclude that memory is not localized in a specific area of the brain but is rather a result of distributed neural networks.
Lashley's research laid the foundation for understanding the complexity of brain functions and challenged the prevailing notion of localizationism, which suggested that specific mental processes are uniquely localized to one region of the brain.
2. Donald Olding Hebb:
Donald Olding Hebb was a Canadian neuropsychologist known for his pioneering work on the relationship between brain function and behavior. He is best known for his groundbreaking theory of cell assemblies and synaptic plasticity, known as Hebbian theory or Hebbian learning.
Hebb proposed that learning and memory processes are based on changes in the strength of synaptic connections between neurons. According to Hebb's theory, when two neurons are repeatedly activated together, the synapses connecting them become strengthened. This concept is known as "Hebbian plasticity" or "Hebb's rule." He also proposed the idea of "cell assemblies," which refers to groups of interconnected neurons that fire together as a result of learning and form the basis of memory storage.
Hebb's theory revolutionized our understanding of how learning occurs at the neuronal level and provided a foundation for subsequent research on synaptic plasticity and neural network theories of cognition. His work has had a profound impact on the field of neuroscience and continues to be influential in studies of learning, memory, and neural plasticity.
Overall, Karl Lashley and Donald Olding Hebb made significant contributions to our understanding of the neurological basis of complex cognitive processes, challenging traditional views and paving the way for further research in this field.