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what happens to insulin (the hormone secreted by pancreas that regulated glucose) levels in type-2 diabetes?

Sure! In type 2 diabetes, the levels of insulin, the hormone secreted by the pancreas that regulates glucose, can behave differently compared to a healthy individual. To understand what happens to insulin levels in type 2 diabetes, we need to consider the underlying physiological changes in the body.

In type 2 diabetes, the body can either become resistant to the effects of insulin or have inadequate insulin production. Here's an explanation of the two possibilities:

1. Insulin Resistance: In this case, the body's cells become less responsive to insulin's effects. Initially, the pancreas compensates for this resistance by producing and releasing more insulin into the bloodstream. As a result, the insulin levels in the blood might be higher than normal. However, over time, the pancreas may not be able to maintain the increased insulin production, leading to a decline in insulin levels. This decline further exacerbates the problem of insulin resistance.

2. Inadequate Insulin Production: In some cases of type 2 diabetes, the pancreas does not secrete enough insulin to meet the body's needs. This can occur due to various reasons, such as decreased pancreatic function or beta-cell dysfunction. In such situations, insulin levels may be lower than normal or insufficient to regulate blood glucose effectively.

It's important to note that the specific changes in insulin levels can vary among individuals with type 2 diabetes. Factors such as the stage of the disease, duration, and individual characteristics can influence the insulin levels.

To determine an individual's insulin levels, it's best to consult with a healthcare professional. They can order blood tests, such as fasting blood glucose and HbA1c, to evaluate insulin levels and provide appropriate management strategies for type 2 diabetes.