which of the following elements does not form bonds easily because it has a full outer shell?
a. Aluminum
b. Carbon
c. Helium
d. Calcium
Those elements in group 0, VIII, or 18 (depending upon the system you are using), hae a filled outside shell (or at least is considered full at the time with eight electrons). Group 0, VIII, or 18 column is the right most column in the periodic table.
calcium
The element that does not form bonds easily because it has a full outer shell is c. Helium.
To determine which element does not form bonds easily because it has a full outer shell, we need to first understand the concept of valence electrons. Valence electrons are electrons located in the outermost shell (energy level) of an atom and are involved in chemical bonding.
a. Aluminum has the atomic number 13, and its electron configuration is 2-8-3. It has three valence electrons in its outer shell.
b. Carbon has the atomic number 6, and its electron configuration is 2-4. It has four valence electrons in its outer shell.
c. Helium has the atomic number 2, and its electron configuration is 2. It has two valence electrons in its outer shell.
d. Calcium has the atomic number 20, and its electron configuration is 2-8-8-2. It has two valence electrons in its outermost shell.
From the given options, the element that does not form bonds easily due to having a full outer shell is c. Helium. It already has a complete outermost shell with two electrons, which is the stable configuration of the noble gas helium. Therefore, helium does not readily form bonds with other elements.