For each substance, write the formula(s) of all species you expect to be present in aqueous solution in the first column. If there are significant minor species, write their formulas in the last column. If the substance is only slightly soluble, use the molecular formula or formula unit followed by (s) for the major species.

I don't understand how you would know which is a major or minor species and what I am asked to do. Thanks in advance for the homework help!

Here is what think for the following:

HCl
I know it is soluble because it is a strong acid, so it would be H+ and Cl^-.

C6H12O6
I'm not sure about this one.

AgCl
I know it is insoluble because that is Ag+ is one of three halides exceptions, so it would remain AgCl(s)?

HNO2
I think this is a weak acid, so it would remain HNO2(s)?

CuI2
I know it is soluble because it is now one of the three halides exceptions, so it would be Cu^2+ and 2I^-.

no

Thanks DrBob222! so, really, the only minor species are H+ and NO2^- for HNO2. That means only weak acids have minor species? AgCl(s) is the only solid solution, and everything else is aqueous (aq). Salts are the only type of solution that can be solids?

To determine the major and minor species present in aqueous solution, you need to consider the solubility rules and the nature of the compound.

HCl: Since HCl is a strong acid, it completely dissociates into its constituent ions in water. Therefore, in aqueous solution, it will exist as H+ and Cl- ions.

C6H12O6: C6H12O6 is the molecular formula for glucose, which is a sugar. Sugars are generally water-soluble, so in an aqueous solution, C6H12O6 will exist as its constituent molecules.

AgCl: According to the solubility rules, halides like AgCl are generally insoluble in water, with the exception of halides of Group 1 metals and ammonium ion. Therefore, in aqueous solution, AgCl will exist as a precipitate, represented as AgCl(s).

HNO2: HNO2 is a weak acid, which means it only partially dissociates in water. In aqueous solution, a small amount of HNO2 will ionize into H+ and NO2-. However, since it is a weak acid, the major species will be HNO2 molecules, while the minor species will include some H+ and NO2- ions.

CuI2: Since CuI2 is a soluble compound, it will dissociate completely into its constituent ions in an aqueous solution. Therefore, it will exist as Cu2+ and 2I- ions.

Remember, identifying major and minor species in aqueous solution is mainly based on the solubility rules and the nature of the compound. By applying these principles, you can determine the most likely species present in a given solution.

I think you have understood fairly well. My comments follow each of your responses.

HCl
I know it is soluble because it is a strong acid, so it would be H+ and Cl^-.
Correct, and since this is a strong acid; i.e., 100% ionized, then there is no HCl hanging around, with H^+ and Cl^- being major species.

C6H12O6
I'm not sure about this one.

More than likely, this is glucose or fructose, an organic molecule, but completely soluble in water. So it would be the major species in solution which you would write as C6H12O6(aq).

AgCl
I know it is insoluble because that is Ag+ is one of three halides exceptions, so it would remain AgCl(s)?
correct

HNO2
I think this is a weak acid, so it would remain HNO2(s)?
It is not a solid. It is a weak acid; therefore, there would be minor (small) amounts of H^+ and NO2^- with major amounts of HNO2(aq) left unionized. Since it is a weak acid, that means it isn't 100% ionized.

CuI2
I know it is soluble because it is now one of the three halides exceptions, so it would be Cu^2+ and 2I^-.
correct

I wouldn't call AgCl a solid solution. It is a salt that is not soluble in water except to a very limited extent (The solubility product is Ksp = about 10^-10).

Salts may be soluble or not depending upon the solubility rules and you seem to have those rules down rather well. And it is true that most INORGANIC compounds that are not soluble ARE salts, BUT there are many compounds that are not soluble in water that are not salts. For example, wood, leaves, (although both wood and leaves are mixtures of many compounds), many organic solids, etc.