how did vitnam divided after wwII and peace talks in 1954?
Vietnam was divided between North Vietnam and South Vietham.
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After World War II, Vietnam was divided into two separate regions, commonly known as North Vietnam and South Vietnam, following the agreement reached during the Geneva Conference in 1954.
To understand the division of Vietnam after World War II and the peace talks in 1954, let's break down the events and context:
1. French Indochina: Prior to World War II, Vietnam was part of French Indochina, which comprised present-day Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. The French rule lasted for nearly a century until the outbreak of World War II.
2. Japanese Occupation: During World War II, Japan occupied French Indochina, including Vietnam, after France surrendered to Germany. The Japanese wanted to use the region's resources for their war effort and also sought to exploit Vietnamese nationalism against the French colonial rulers.
3. Viet Minh and Resistance: In 1941, the Viet Minh, led by Ho Chi Minh, was established as an anti-colonial nationalist organization, aiming for independence from both Japan and France. They fought against Japanese and Vichy French forces during World War II, gaining popularity and support.
4. August Revolution: As Japan's power weakened towards the end of the war, the Viet Minh took advantage of the situation. On August 19, 1945, they launched the August Revolution and declared the independent Democratic Republic of Vietnam, with Ho Chi Minh as its president.
5. French Return: After Japan's surrender in 1945, the French tried to reclaim their colony in Indochina. A conflict between the Viet Minh and French forces erupted, known as the First Indochina War. This war lasted for almost nine years, with guerilla warfare tactics employed by the Viet Minh.
6. Geneva Conference and Division: Seeking a resolution to the conflict, the Geneva Conference was held in 1954. The conference brought together representatives from France, the Viet Minh, the Soviet Union, the United States, China, and other nations. At the conference, it was agreed to temporarily divide Vietnam along the 17th parallel.
7. North and South Vietnam: The division created North Vietnam, under the control of the Viet Minh and led by Ho Chi Minh, and South Vietnam, which remained under French influence. The division was supposed to be temporary until nationwide elections were held in 1956 to reunite the country.
8. Peace Talks and the Geneva Accords: The Geneva Conference resulted in the Geneva Accords, signed in July 1954. The accords granted temporary division, a ceasefire, and the departure of French forces from Vietnam. It also established provisions for the temporary control of each region until the elections.
Despite the initial intentions for reunification, the nationwide elections did not occur, leading the division to become more permanent. This eventually escalated into the Vietnam War, with the United States supporting South Vietnam against the communist forces of North Vietnam until the war's end in 1975.
In summary, after World War II, Vietnam was divided into North and South Vietnam at the Geneva Conference in 1954 as a temporary measure, aimed at resolving the conflict between the French and the Viet Minh.