Please with assigment I do not understand.

Exercise 7-9
Given the premises, discuss whether the conclusion of each argument that
follows is (a) true beyond a reasonable doubt, (b) probably true, or (c) possibly
true or possibly false. You should expect disagreement on these items, but the
closer your answers are to your instructor’s, the better.
1. The sign on the parking meter says “Out of Order,” so the meter isn’t
working.
2. The annual rainfall in California’s north valley averages twenty-three

inches. So the rainfall next year will be twenty-three inches.
3. You expect to get forty miles to the gallon in that? Why, that old wreck
has a monster V8; besides, it’s fifty years old and needs an overhaul.
4. In three of the last four presidential races, the winner of the Iowa Republican
primary has not captured the Republican nomination. Therefore,
the winner of the next Iowa Republican primary will not capture the
Republican nomination.
5. The New York steak, the Maine lobster, and the beef stroganoff at that
restaurant are all exceptionally good. All the entrees are excellent.
6. The number of cellular telephones has increased dramatically in each of
the past few years. Therefore there will be even more of them in use this
coming year.
7. Since the graduates of Harvard, Yale, Princeton, and other Ivy League
schools generally score higher on the Graduate Record Examination than
students from Central State, it follows that the Ivy League schools do
more toward educating their students than Central State does.
8. Michael Jackson has had more plastic surgery than anybody else in
California. You can bet he’s had more than anybody in Connecticut!
�9. Although Max bled profusely before he died, there was no blood on the
ground where his body was found. Therefore, he was killed somewhere
else and brought here after the murder.
10. When liquor was banned in 1920, hospitalizations for alcoholism and
related diseases plummeted; in 1933, when Prohibition was repealed,
alcohol-related illnesses rose sharply again. Legalization of cocaine,
heroin, and marijuana would not curb abuse of those substances.
11. Relax. The kid’s been delivering the paper for, how long? Three, four
years maybe? And not once has she missed us. The paper will be here,
just wait and see. She’s just been delayed for some reason.
12. First, it seems clear that even if there are occasional small dips in the
consumption of petroleum, the general trend shows no sign of a real permanent
decrease. Second, petroleum reserves are not being discovered as
fast as petroleum is currently being consumed. From these two facts we
can conclude that reserves will eventually be consumed and that the
world will have to do without oil.



You are supposed to decide whether each statement is

(a) true beyond a reasonable doubt,
(b) probably true, or
(c) possibly true or possibly false
_________________________

1. The sign on the parking meter says “Out of Order,” so the meter isn’t
working.
This statement is (b) probably true, since you can't be positive that it's absolutely true.

2. The annual rainfall in California’s north valley averages twenty-three inches. So the rainfall next year will be twenty-three inches.
This statement is (c) possibly true or possibly false because the average could include rainfall amounts between 15 and 31 or so inches.

If you answer the rest of these questions, we'll be glad to check them for you.

true

3. You expect to get forty miles to the gallon in that? Why, that old wreck

has a monster V8; besides, it’s fifty years old and needs an overhaul

The New York steak, the Maine lobster, and the beef stroganoff at that

restaurant are all exceptionally good. All the entrees are excellent.

1 b

2 c
3 c
4 c
5 b
6 c
7 c
8 c
9 a
10 c
11 b
12 c

2. The annual rainfall in California’s north valley averages twenty-three

inches. So the rainfall next year will be twenty-three inches.

Michael Jackson has had more plastic surgery than anybody else in

California. You can bet he’s had more than anybody in Connecticut!

2.c

3.c
4.c
6.c
7.c
8.c
10.c
11.b

Michael Jackson has had more plastic surgery than anybody else in

California. You can bet he’s had more than anybody in Connecticut!

Probably true