Exactly what is a positively charged hydrogen atom?

A Hydrogen atom is a proton and an electron.

If you take away the electron, you have just a positively charged proton
so
a positively charged hydrogen atom is a proton.

A positively charged hydrogen atom, also known as a hydrogen ion, is a hydrogen atom that has lost its electron. In its neutral state, a hydrogen atom consists of one proton in its nucleus and one electron orbiting the nucleus. However, when this electron is removed, the hydrogen atom becomes positively charged.

To understand the concept of a positively charged hydrogen atom, it is useful to have some knowledge of basic atomic structure. The nucleus of an atom consists of one or more protons, which are positively charged particles, and typically one or more neutrons, which have no charge. Electrons, which are negatively charged particles, orbit the nucleus in specific energy levels called electron shells.

In the case of a hydrogen atom, which is the simplest and most abundant element in the universe, there is only one proton in the nucleus and one electron in the electron shell. This hydrogen atom is neutral because the positive charge of the proton is balanced by the negative charge of the electron.

However, under certain conditions, a hydrogen atom can lose its electron. This can happen through processes such as ionization, where an external energy source, such as high temperature or intense radiation, provides enough energy to remove the electron from the atom. As a result, the hydrogen atom becomes a positively charged hydrogen ion, indicated as H+.

In summary, a positively charged hydrogen atom, or hydrogen ion, is a hydrogen atom that has lost its electron, leaving behind a lone proton in the nucleus and a net positive charge.