why does electric loose energy when it is being transmitted
Electricity loses energy when it is being transmitted mainly due to two factors: resistance in the transmission lines and electromagnetic radiation.
1. Resistance: Every conductor used for transmitting electricity, such as copper or aluminum wires, has a certain amount of resistance. Resistance is the opposition that electrical current faces as it flows through a material. According to Ohm's Law, when current passes through a conductor with resistance, a portion of the electrical energy is converted into heat energy. This heat energy is dissipated into the surroundings, resulting in an energy loss. The longer the transmission line and the higher the current flowing through it, the greater the resistance and energy loss.
2. Electromagnetic Radiation: When electricity flows through a transmission line, it creates an electromagnetic field around it. This field contains both electric and magnetic components. As the electricity is transmitted over long distances, some of the energy is radiated away in the form of electromagnetic waves. This energy loss, known as electromagnetic radiation, occurs due to the natural propagation of the electromagnetic field. The amount of radiation loss depends on several factors, including the frequency of the electricity being transmitted and the design of the transmission lines.
To minimize energy losses during transmission, various measures are taken, such as using high voltage transmission lines, which reduce current and, therefore, the amount of heat generated due to resistance. Additionally, techniques like insulation and proper line design are used to minimize electromagnetic radiation losses. Nonetheless, there will always be some energy loss during electricity transmission, and efforts are constantly made to improve the efficiency of power grids.