However, for both Corwin and Neustadt the fundamental issue is assessing the presidency and the proper and legitimate range of powers available to the president. Neustadt looked not to the Constitution or statutes to understand presidential behavior, but to the foundation of informal presidential power: public prestige and attempts to lead public opinion, professional reputation and style, congressional relations and legislative strategies, decision-making styles, and bargaining skills (119).
According to Neustadt a president derives from his reputation and prestige in Washington, and the country (p119). Because the constitutional authority does not guarantee other political actors cooperation to achieve the president’s goals, Neustadt suggests that the president is then required to “influence” those around him with persuasion and bargaining to achieve his goal (p.119-120). The president cannot simply command and receive. In fact, Neustadt argued that when a president gets his way by force, it is normally a "painful last resort, a forced response to the exhaustion of other remedies, suggestive less of mastery than of failure--the failure of attempts to gain an end by softer means” (p.120). An executive order or other legal device, as an instrument of formal authority, does not by itself cause action. With the separation of powers, Nesutadt contains that, other levels of government have different constituencies and different interest. The president must then bargain and persuade others that what he wants is in their best interest (p.120).
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However, for both Corwin and Neustadt<~~add comma the fundamental issue is assessing the presidency and the proper and legitimate range of powers available to the president. Neustadt looked not to the Constitution or statutes to understand presidential behavior, but to the foundation of informal presidential power: public prestige and attempts to lead public opinion, professional reputation and style, congressional relations and legislative strategies, decision-making styles, and bargaining skills (119).
According to Neustadt<~~add comma a president derives<~~derives what? You need a direct object here. from his reputation and prestige in Washington, and the country (p119).<~~delete the "p" Because the constitutional authority does not guarantee other political actors<~~possessive plural; what do you need to add? cooperation to achieve the president’s goals, Neustadt suggests that the president is then required to “influence”<~~Don't use quotation marks for emphasis; use bold for that purpose. those around him with persuasion and bargaining to achieve his goal (p.119-120).<~~delete "p." The president cannot simply command and receive. In fact, Neustadt argued that when a president gets his way by force, it is normally a "painful last resort, a forced response to the exhaustion of other remedies, suggestive less of mastery than of failure--the failure of attempts to gain an end by softer means” (p.120).<~~delete "p." An executive order or other legal device, as an instrument of formal authority, does not by itself cause action. With the separation of powers, Nesutadt contains that,<~~delete comma other levels of government have different constituencies and different interest<~~shouldn't this be plural?. The president must then bargain and persuade others that what he wants is in their best interest (p.120).<~~delete "p."
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According to Neustadt, the fundamental issue in assessing the presidency is understanding the proper and legitimate range of powers available to the president. He emphasized that a president's power is not solely derived from the Constitution or statutes, but rather from informal sources such as public prestige, leadership in shaping public opinion, professional reputation and style, congressional relations and legislative strategies, decision-making styles, and bargaining skills.
Neustadt argued that a president's reputation and prestige in Washington and the country play a crucial role in their ability to achieve their goals. Constitutional authority alone does not guarantee cooperation from other political actors, so the president must use persuasion and bargaining to influence them. The president cannot simply command and receive compliance. Neustadt believed that when a president resorts to force to get their way, it is usually seen as a failure to achieve their goals through softer, more persuasive means.
Neustadt acknowledged the separation of powers and the fact that different levels of government have their own constituencies and interests. Therefore, the president must engage in bargaining and persuade others that what they want is also in the best interest of those they are negotiating with.
In summary, Neustadt's perspective on the presidency focuses on the importance of informal sources of power, such as reputation and persuasion, to achieve the president's goals in a system of separated powers and diverse interests.