HOW AND WHY DID WARFARE CHANGE IN THE 20TH CENTURY?

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In the 20th century, warfare underwent significant changes due to several factors such as technological advancements, changes in military strategies, and shifts in global politics. Let's explore how and why warfare changed during this period.

1. Technological Advancements: The 20th century witnessed major technological breakthroughs that revolutionized warfare. It started with the development and widespread use of machine guns and artillery during World War I, which significantly increased the lethality and range of weapons. This led to trench warfare and high casualty rates.

Later, the invention and utilization of tanks, aircraft, submarines, and chemical weapons further transformed warfare. These new technologies allowed for faster movement, increased firepower, and the ability to strike targets from a distance. As a result, battles became more mobile and strategic, with a greater emphasis on air superiority and naval power projection.

2. Changes in Military Strategies: The adoption of new technologies necessitated changes in military strategies. The concept of "total war" emerged, which involved the complete mobilization of a nation's resources, economy, and population towards war efforts. This meant that entire societies became involved in the conflict, resulting in massive casualties and destruction.

Additionally, the introduction of aerial and naval warfare led to the development of new strategies. Air power became crucial for reconnaissance, bombardment, and air-to-air combat. Naval warfare underwent a shift, with naval aviation and the use of aircraft carriers becoming instrumental in projecting power across large bodies of water.

3. Shifts in Global Politics: The 20th century was marked by significant geopolitical shifts and conflicts that influenced warfare. World War I and World War II were the deadliest wars in human history, profoundly shaping military tactics and strategies. These wars transformed the role of the state, leading to the rise of superpowers like the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

The emerging threat of nuclear weapons during World War II and the subsequent arms race between superpowers had a profound impact on warfare. The fear of mutually assured destruction led to the development of new military doctrines, such as deterrence and the balance of power through nuclear capability.

In conclusion, warfare changed in the 20th century due to technological advancements, changes in military strategies, and shifts in global politics. These factors led to the development and use of new weapons, transformed military tactics, and redefined the nature of war itself.