1. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, it acts as a polar sollvent.
a) Think about the following compounds: iodine, cobalt (II) chloride and sucrose (C12H22O11). Which compounds are soluble in water.
b) Assume that the interaction between solutes and solvents that you examine here applies to a wide variety of substances. Make a general statement about the type of solute that dissolves in polar solvents.
If you could explain how you got each answer, it would be greatly appreciated!
Would this be a correct general statement about the type of solute dissolves in non-polar solvents:
Compounds that are non-polar will dissolve in non-polar solvents.
Do you have any tips on how I could elaborate on this?
Your general statement is fine as far as it goes but it doesn't go far enough. (The primary thing wrong with it is that it tells what happens to non-polar solutes and non-polar solvents but it doesn't address what the question asks for; i.e., "about the type of solutes that dissolve in polar solvents." Go back and look at the solutes. Tell which you think will dissolve in water and which will not. Take that information and what I wrote in my last response to make a general statement.
Could you explain your "like dissolves like" statement?
polar dissolves polar, polar CANNOT dissolve polar or vice versa.
Like dissolves like. Polar compounds will dissolve in polar solvents. (polar is like polar). Compounds that contain OH as part of their structure, even though they are generally non-polar in nature, will dissolve in water, for example. (Compounds like CH3OH and C2H5OH are freely soluble in water. These are organic molecules but they contain the OH part which agrees with the water HOH. So again, like (OH) dissolves in like (OH)). Of course non-polar solutes dissolve in non-polar solvents.(non-polar is like non-polar).
To determine which compounds are soluble in water, we need to consider the polarity of each compound and how it interacts with water molecules.
a) Let's analyze the compounds one by one:
1. Iodine (I2) is a nonpolar molecule because it consists of two identical iodine atoms with equal electronegativity. Nonpolar molecules do not have a charge imbalance and, therefore, do not easily interact with polar solvents like water. As a result, iodine is insoluble in water.
2. Cobalt (II) chloride (CoCl2) is an ionic compound made up of Co2+ cations and Cl- anions. Water is a polar solvent since it has a positive and negative end. Ionic compounds, which have charged ions, tend to dissolve easily in polar solvents due to the attractive forces between the opposite charges. Therefore, cobalt (II) chloride is soluble in water.
3. Sucrose (C12H22O11) is a complex molecular compound formed by covalent bonds between carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. It is a polar molecule due to the presence of multiple oxygen-hydrogen bonds with significant electronegativity differences. Polar solvents can interact with polar molecules through dipole-dipole interactions, allowing them to dissolve. Consequently, sucrose is soluble in water.
b) Based on the observations above, we can make a general statement: polar solvents like water tend to dissolve polar solutes. The polarity of the solute allows it to interact with the polar solvent, leading to successful dissolution. This is due to the ability of polar solvents to create favorable intermolecular attractions with polar solutes, such as dipole-dipole interactions or hydrogen bonding.
Marty, this is a home work help site. We don't DO the home work. We HELP you do it.
Polar solvents dissolve polar elements/compounds. Non-polar solvents dissolve non-polar elements/compounds. #1 tells you water is a polar solvent. So look at the compounds in a and decide which are polar and which are non-polar. I like the "like dissolves like" statement. That means those materials that are polar OR that have a number of OH particles (similar to H2O) attached will dissolve in water.