Posted by James on Tuesday, October 30, 2007 at 7:30pm.
Thank you for using the Jiskha Homework Help Forum. Here are some sites on "hormones & heredity:)
1. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1354362
2. (you can download the book for free): http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/8517
Since I taught human sexuality, genetic and hormonal problems related to sexuality were covered. Here are some of my lecture notes relating these problems to heredity and hormones.
Biological Variables and Intersexuality
I. Chromosomal sex is normally XX for females and XY for males. Males are more likely to have sex-linked disorders (hemophilia and colorblindness) and lower viability. Y chromosome determines that the child is a male. In contrast to biblical teaching, scientific evidence indicates that female is the prototype and male is the offshoot. Here are some examples of being intersexed.
A. Turner syndrome (XO) has no ovaries, female external genitals, but no female secondary sex characteristics or menses. Occurring about once in 2500 births, the child typically develops normal female gender identity.
B. XXX "superfemale" syndrome has reduced fertility, irregular periods, but normal gender identity and sex drive. She has a higher probability of mental retardation, especially if with more than 3 X-chromosomes.
C. Klinefelter syndrome (Y with multiple Xs) occurs about once every 500-1000 births. He will typically have small external genitals, female secondary sex characteristics, reduced sex drive, erection problems, gender identity problems, be sterile, and have a greater likelihood of mental retardation.
D. XYY ("supermale") syndrome produces tall males with normal gender identity and sex drive, acne, reduced fertility and a greater likelihood of mental retardation. (Discuss link to aggression.)
E. Since an X chromosome is necessary for survival, YO is not viable.
II. Gonadal Sex is related to having either ovaries or testes. At about 6 weeks prenatal, testes start producing testosterone.
III. Hormonal sex is the same for the first 6 weeks prenatal for both sexes. Prenatal hormones influence development of external genitals, depending on the ratio of estrogens to androgens, and brain dimorphism.
Hermaphrodites possess sex characteristics of both sexes. Pseudo-hermaphrodites have normal gonads of one sex with ambiguous genitals. True hermaphrodites (Q student, p. 136) have ambiguous genitals with both gonads, ovaries and testes or ovotestes. The latter occur about 1.5 times per 100,000 births. Hormonal abnormalities are of several kinds.
A. Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) or testicular feminization is a genetic male whose body does not respond to androgens produced. He has male gonads but female genitals, leading to a female gender identity. He is sterile, because he has no internal female sexual organs. Occurring about once every 20,000 births, disorder is usually not noticed until puberty Why?
B. Congenital Adrenal hyperplasia or adrenogenital syndrome (AGS) also occurs about once in every 20,000 births and is fetally androgenized by adrenal gland. The genetic female has a !@#$%^& with empty scrotum (or ambiguous organs) with ovaries and inner portion of !@#$%^&. With surgery, can develop female gender identity, but higher levels of androgens lead to "tomboyish" behavior.
C. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) deficiency is like AIS until puberty, when male characteristics develop (example of 18 children in Dominican Republic).
I hope this helps a little more. Thanks for asking.
Pardon the site's attempt at censorship. Here is an attempt to override it.
B. Congenital Adrenal hyperplasia or adrenogenital syndrome (AGS) also occurs about once in every 20,000 births and is fetally androgenized by adrenal gland. The genetic female has a p-e-n-i-s with empty scrotum (or ambiguous organs) with ovaries and inner portion of v-a-g-i-n-a. With surgery, can develop female gender identity, but higher levels of androgens lead to "tomboyish" behavior.
I also tried to delete the portions of my notes reminding me to ask for student praticipation from the reading of the textbook. However, I missed one "(Q student, p 136)."
I hope this helps a little more. Thanks for asking.
Hi! rNhrgtD
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