With regard to pattern baldness in humans (a sex-influenced trait) a woman who is not bacld but mother is bald, has children with a bald man whose father is not bald. what are their probabilities of having the following types of families?
a) their first child will not become bald?
b)their first child be a male who will not be bald?
c)their first three children will be nonbald females?
Since this is not my area of expertise, I searched Google under the key words "pattern baldness inheritance" to get these possible sources:
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/410576
http://www.androgeneticalopecia.com/hair-loss-biology/hair-loss-genetics-men-women.shtml
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/colorbl1.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgenetic_alopecia
http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition=androgeneticalopecia
Using the Punnett square, you can determine the answers to the first two. For C, it will be the probability for nonbald females cubed.
In the future, you can find the information you desire more quickly, if you use appropriate key words to do your own search.
I hope this helps. Thanks for asking.
To determine the probabilities of having different types of families for pattern baldness, we need to understand the inheritance pattern of this trait and the specific family history provided.
Pattern baldness is a sex-influenced trait, which means both genetic and hormonal factors play a role in its expression. It tends to be more prominent in males, but can also occur in females. The trait is influenced by multiple genes, including those inherited from both parents.
Given the provided information about the parents and their family history, let's calculate the probabilities for each scenario:
a) Probability of their first child not becoming bald:
In this case, the mother is not bald but her mother (the maternal grandmother) is bald, while the father is bald but his father (the paternal grandfather) is not bald. Since pattern baldness can be influenced by both maternal and paternal genes, there is a possibility that their child may or may not become bald.
One way to determine the probabilities in such cases is to create a Punnett square. Since pattern baldness is influenced by multiple genes and not a simple Mendelian inheritance, we don't have access to specific inheritance ratios. Instead, we can use general probabilities based on population data.
Let's assume that the chance of inheriting the genetic factors for pattern baldness is 50% if there is a bald parent and 10% if there is a non-bald parent. Using these general probabilities, we can set up a Punnett square:
| Bald (50%) | Non-Bald (50%)
-------|----------------|----------------
Bald | 25% | 25%
Non-Bald | 5% | 45%
From the Punnett square, we can see that there is a 25% chance (1 out of 4) that their first child will not become bald.
b) Probability of their first child being a non-bald male:
Since pattern baldness tends to be more prominent in males, the chance of a male child being bald is higher compared to a female child. However, the information provided about a bald mother and non-bald father does not offer a direct calculation for this particular scenario. Therefore, we cannot provide a precise probability in this case.
c) Probability of their first three children being non-bald females:
Based on the same reasoning as in the previous questions, pattern baldness in females generally has a lower chance of expression compared to males. However, the provided information doesn't give us a direct calculation for this specific scenario. Therefore, we cannot provide a precise probability for all three children being non-bald females.
It's important to note that the calculations provided are based on general probabilities and assumptions. Since pattern baldness is a complex trait influenced by multiple genes and factors, the actual probabilities may differ in individual cases. To obtain more accurate probabilities, additional genetic testing and consultation with a genetic counselor would be recommended.