How did Roman military orientation and success in war with Carthage contribute to the instability of Roman politics?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punic_wars
Be sure to read the section about the Third Punic War (scroll down).
Also this:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_history#Roman_Republic
The Roman military orientation and success in war with Carthage significantly contributed to the instability of Roman politics in several ways. To understand this connection, we should delve into the historical context and the impact of these military victories.
1. Expansion and territorial disputes: Rome's military conquests brought vast territories under its control, including parts of Italy, the Mediterranean, and even territories as far as Spain, Greece, and North Africa. The acquisition of new territories led to an increase in wealth, resources, and slaves for Rome. However, it also brought forth complex challenges in terms of governance, administration, and assimilation of diverse cultures, which strained the existing political structures.
2. Wealth and corruption: The spoils of war, such as gold, silver, and other valuable resources, flooded into Rome as a result of military victories. The influx of wealth intensified the already existing wealth gap and created an atmosphere of corruption among the elites. This corruption was fueled by the desire for personal gain, leading to political turmoil and undermining the stability and integrity of the political system.
3. Military influence and power struggles: The Roman military, due to its consistent successes against Carthage and other adversaries, became a powerful force within Roman society. Generals, such as Julius Caesar and Pompey, gained significant popularity and influence through their military accomplishments. This military prominence led to power struggles between rival factions within the Roman elite, each seeking to curry favor with the influential military to advance their political ambitions.
4. Rebellions and civil unrest: The addition of vast territories and diverse populations often resulted in grievances, resistance, and rebellions. For instance, the conquest of Carthage led to the destruction of the city, causing resentment and unrest among defeated populations. These rebellions, coupled with the existing social and political tensions, further destabilized Roman politics, as it required military interventions and diverting resources from domestic affairs.
5. The rise of military dictatorships: The successes of Roman military commanders in their respective campaigns allowed them to amass significant military power, loyalty, and support. During times of political uncertainty, such military leaders were able to exploit their popularity and seize control, leading to the rise of military dictatorships. This, in turn, eroded the traditional republican system of governance, further contributing to political instability.
In summary, the Roman military orientation and success against Carthage contributed to the instability of Roman politics by expanding the empire, exacerbating wealth disparities and corruption, creating power struggles, inciting rebellions, and paving the way for military dictatorships. These factors collectively weakened the existing political institutions, setting the stage for the eventual downfall of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.