in cellular respiration, which compound has the highest free energy (will produce the most ATP when oxidized)?
acetyl CoA
glucose
pyruvate
fructose bisphosphate
glyceraldehyde-3-phospate
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pyruvate
perform the following conversion. show your work.
750L into KL?
Glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate
An intermediate of glycolysis.
intermediary metabolites enters the ciric acid cycle and is formed, in part, by the removal of a carbon (co2) from one molecule of pyruvate
To determine which compound has the highest free energy and therefore produces the most ATP when oxidized in cellular respiration, we need to look at the different stages of cellular respiration.
1. Glycolysis: This is the initial step in cellular respiration, where glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is an intermediate compound formed during glycolysis.
2. Pyruvate Oxidation: Pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA before entering the next stage of cellular respiration.
3. Citric Acid (Krebs) Cycle: Acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, where it is fully oxidized into carbon dioxide. During this cycle, energy is extracted and transferred to various electron carriers, such as NADH and FADH2.
4. Electron Transport Chain (ETC): NADH and FADH2 produced during the previous stages donate their electrons, which then pass through a series of protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane, resulting in ATP production.
Now let's analyze which compound has the highest free energy:
- Glucose: Glucose is the starting molecule in cellular respiration, and it undergoes glycolysis to produce two molecules of pyruvate. Although glucose contains a lot of energy, it goes through multiple steps and reactions before producing ATP.
- Pyruvate: Pyruvate is an intermediate product from the breakdown of glucose during glycolysis. It can enter the mitochondria and be converted into acetyl CoA before entering the citric acid cycle. While pyruvate has some energy, it is not the compound with the highest free energy.
- Acetyl CoA: Acetyl CoA is formed from the oxidation of pyruvate in the mitochondria. It enters the citric acid cycle and provides the majority of the energy during this stage. Acetyl CoA is known to have high free energy and is a crucial molecule for ATP production.
- Fructose bisphosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate: These compounds are intermediate products within the Glycolysis pathway and are not directly involved in the citric acid cycle or significant ATP production.
Therefore, among the given compounds, Acetyl CoA has the highest free energy and will produce the most ATP when oxidized in cellular respiration.