we did a lab on chemical change, where we had to see how a chemical change affcts mass. so we measure the mass of 20ml of copper solution, and 2cm(cubed) of steel wool, and then we mixed them into a flask. soon the steel wool turned rusy, and broke apart. and the duofilm(which is a strtchy rubery lid) popped up as tho gas was produced.

then we had to answer some questions:here is the question i need help with.

sometimes in an experiment there are flaws due to lack of design and materials, therefore causing mistakes. what are 3 sources of errors in the experiment that might cause a change in the outcome of the chemical change, and name 3 ways to fix them.

how accurate was the scale?

how dry was the sample?
was any of the gas lost?

In your experiment on chemical change and mass, there could be several sources of errors that could affect the outcome. Here are three potential sources of errors and corresponding ways to fix them:

1. Measurement errors: The accuracy of the mass measurements could be compromised due to various factors such as using incorrect or poorly calibrated measuring instruments, parallax errors while reading scales, or not accounting for the tare weight of the container. To fix this, you can:

a. Use precise and calibrated measuring instruments, such as a digital balance, to improve measurement accuracy.
b. Minimize parallax errors by ensuring that your eye is at the same level as the scale when taking readings.
c. Before measuring, tare the container (empty flask) on the balance to account for its weight and only measure the mass of the copper solution or steel wool.

2. Contamination or loss of reactants: Any contamination or loss of reactants during the experiment can affect the mass change and alter the outcome. This could happen if the reactants are not handled carefully or if there are leaks or spills during the mixing process. To fix this, you can:

a. Ensure that all materials used, including the steel wool and copper solution, are clean and free from any contaminants that could affect the reaction.
b. Be cautious while transferring and mixing the reactants to minimize the chances of spills or leaks.
c. Use a sealed reaction vessel, such as a stoppered flask or a closed container, to minimize any loss of gaseous products or evaporation.

3. Incomplete reaction or side reactions: The chemical reaction between copper solution and steel wool may not proceed fully, or there could be side reactions occurring simultaneously. This could result in an incomplete or unexpected reaction, leading to inaccurate measurements. To fix this, you can:

a. Ensure proper mixing and agitation of the reactants to enhance the reaction rate and completion.
b. Control the reaction conditions, such as temperature and pH, to favor the desired reaction and minimize any side reactions.
c. Repeat the experiment multiple times to check for consistency in the results and identify any unexpected reactions or trends.

By addressing these potential sources of errors and implementing the suggested fixes, you can increase the reliability and accuracy of your experimental results.