n tomatoes, red fruit is dominant to yellow fruit color. A farmer has plants that produce either red or yellow tomatoes. he has signed a contract with a large seed company to provide pure red seeds and pure yellow seeds. the do not want hybrids. How can the farmer determine if his red tomatoes are pure or hybrid. The farmer can't see the genotype except for one phenotype.

Let "F" represent red fruit

Let "f" represent yellow fruit

___________|________F_______|_____f______
______F____|________FF______|_____Ff_____
______f____|________Ff______|_____ff_____

He can determine it by using the chart above

He can determine what's a pure or hybrid if all fruits' colour are one colour or not...

To determine if the red tomatoes are pure or hybrid without being able to see the genotype, the farmer can perform a test cross. A test cross involves crossing the tomato plant in question with a known pure-bred yellow tomato plant.

Here are the steps the farmer can follow:

1. Identify a tomato plant that produces red fruits and whose genotype is uncertain.

2. Select a known pure-bred yellow tomato plant - one that is definitely homozygous for the yellow color trait (genotype yy) - to use for the test cross.

3. Carefully remove the stamens (male reproductive organs) from the red tomato plant to prevent it from self-pollinating. This ensures that the farmer can determine the traits inherited from the test cross.

4. Then, transfer pollen from the stamens of the chosen yellow tomato plant to the stigma (female reproductive organ) of the red tomato plant. This is done to cross-pollinate the red tomato plant with the pure yellow plant.

5. Allow the fruits of the red tomato plant to develop and mature.

6. Observe the color of the fruits produced by the red tomato plant. If the red tomato plant is pure (homozygous) for the red color trait, then all the fruits resulting from the test cross will still be red since the red trait is dominant. However, if the red tomato plant is a hybrid (heterozygous), then approximately half of the resulting fruits will be red, and the other half will be yellow, as the yellow trait is recessive.

By carefully examining the offspring fruits and determining the ratio of red to yellow, the farmer can infer whether the original red tomato plant was pure or hybrid. If all the fruits are red, then the red tomato plant is most likely pure (homozygous dominant). If there is a mix of red and yellow fruits, then the red tomato plant is likely hybrid (heterozygous).

Note: It is important to conduct this test cross multiple times to ensure accurate results, as statistical variations can occur.