list and explain the two dynamic processes that are characteristic of all ecosystem
Since this is not my area of expertise, I searched Google under the key words "ecosystem processes" to get these possible sources:
http://managingwholes.com/-ecosystem-processes.htm
http://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/def/ecosystem-processes.htm
(Broken Link Removed)
In the future, you can find the information you desire more quickly, if you use appropriate key words to do your own search.
I hope this helps. Thanks for asking.
which organism is least affected by a sudden change in its ecosystem
The two dynamic processes that are characteristic of all ecosystems are energy flow and nutrient cycling.
1. Energy Flow: Energy flow refers to the transfer of energy within an ecosystem. It begins with the primary producers, such as plants, which capture solar energy through photosynthesis and convert it into chemical energy. This energy is then transferred to the next trophic levels through feeding interactions. Herbivores consume the producers, carnivores consume the herbivores, and so on. With each transfer, some energy is lost as heat or used by organisms for their own metabolic processes. This flow of energy is crucial for the functioning of the ecosystem, as it fuels all biological activities and sustains life.
To understand the energy flow in an ecosystem, one can analyze the trophic levels and the transfer of energy between them. By studying the feeding relationships and the efficiency of energy transfer from one level to another, scientists can determine the flow and dynamics of energy within an ecosystem.
2. Nutrient Cycling: Nutrient cycling refers to the movement and recycling of essential elements and compounds through biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem. Nutrients, such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and water, are constantly being used, transformed, and recycled in an ecosystem. They are taken up by plants from the soil or water, passed on to herbivores through consumption, and further transferred to carnivores or decomposers upon their death or excretion.
The cycling of nutrients is vital for maintaining the balance and sustainability of an ecosystem. It ensures that essential elements are continuously available for the growth and reproduction of organisms. Nutrient cycling can be studied by examining the processes involved, such as decomposition, microbial activity, absorption, and release of nutrients.
Understanding these two dynamic processes, energy flow and nutrient cycling, is crucial for comprehending the functioning and stability of ecosystems. Researchers use various scientific methods and techniques, such as ecological models, field observations, and experiments, to study and analyze these processes in different types of ecosystems.