What are the 5 types of neuroglia cells and their functions?
Actually, I count six macrogilia types.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glial_cell
You are correct, there are actually six types of neuroglia cells. Here are the six types of neuroglia cells and their functions:
1. Astrocytes: Astrocytes are the most abundant neuroglia cells in the central nervous system. They are responsible for maintaining the blood-brain barrier, regulating the balance of ions and nutrients, and providing structural support to neurons.
2. Oligodendrocytes: Oligodendrocytes are responsible for producing myelin, a fatty substance that forms a protective covering around axons in the central nervous system. This myelin sheath increases the speed at which electrical signals are conducted along the axons.
3. Microglia: Microglia are the immune cells of the central nervous system. They function as the first line of defense against infections and injuries. Microglia remove cellular debris and dead neurons, and they also play a role in inflammation and immune response.
4. Ependymal cells: Ependymal cells line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. They are responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which provides cushioning and nutrients for the brain and spinal cord.
5. Schwann cells: Schwann cells are found in the peripheral nervous system and are the equivalent of oligodendrocytes. They produce myelin to insulate and protect peripheral nerves, allowing for faster and more efficient nerve signal transmission.
6. Satellite cells: Satellite cells are found in the peripheral nervous system and surround neuronal cell bodies in ganglia. Their specific functions are not fully understood, but it is believed that they play a role in providing support and regulating the microenvironment around the neurons.
For more detailed information, you can refer to the provided link to the Wikipedia page on glial cells.