what is the reaction equation when maleic anhydride is combines with granular zinc and HCl

propose structures for the products you would obtain by treating fumaric acid, cinnamic acid, and butynedioic acid with zinc and HCl. write balanced equations for the reactions.

Probably you simply add H across the double bond. But I believe that will take a catalyst.

To determine the reaction equations and propose structures for the products when maleic anhydride is combined with granular zinc and HCl, let's break it down step by step.

1. Maleic Anhydride with Zinc and HCl:
When maleic anhydride (C4H2O3) is combined with granular zinc (Zn) and hydrochloric acid (HCl), a reduction reaction occurs. The reaction can be represented by the following equation:

C4H2O3 + Zn + 2HCl -> C4H6O2 + ZnCl2 + H2O

In this reaction, the zinc acts as a reducing agent, donating electrons to the maleic anhydride and converting it into another compound. The outcome is the formation of succinic acid (C4H6O2), zinc chloride (ZnCl2), and water (H2O).

2. Structures for Products:
a. Treating Fumaric Acid:
Fumaric acid (C4H4O4) is an isomer of maleic acid and has a double bond between the two carbon atoms. When treated with zinc and HCl, the reaction is similar to that of maleic anhydride. The double bond will be reduced, and the product will be the corresponding saturated acid, which is succinic acid (C4H6O2).

b. Treating Cinnamic Acid:
Cinnamic acid (C9H8O2) contains a benzene ring conjugated with a double bond. When treated with zinc and HCl, the double bond will be reduced, and the benzene ring will remain unchanged. The product will be phenylpropionic acid (C9H10O2), also known as alpha-methyl cinnamic acid.

c. Treating Butynedioic Acid:
Butynedioic acid (C4H2O4) contains two adjacent double bonds. When treated with zinc and HCl, both double bonds will be reduced, and the product will be malonic acid (C3H4O4). The malonic acid contains a carboxylic acid group (--COOH) on each carbon atom.

3. Balanced Equations for the Reactions:
a. Fumaric Acid:
C4H4O4 + 2Zn + 4HCl -> C4H6O2 + 2ZnCl2 + 2H2O

b. Cinnamic Acid:
C9H8O2 + 2Zn + 4HCl -> C9H10O2 + 2ZnCl2 + 2H2O

c. Butynedioic Acid:
C4H2O4 + 4Zn + 6HCl -> C3H4O4 + 4ZnCl2 + 3H2O

Please note that all these reactions require a reducing agent, such as granular zinc, and an acid catalyst, such as hydrochloric acid, to proceed.