A 21g SAMPLE OF SULFURIC ACID IS DISSOLVED COMPLETELY IN SUFFICIENT WATER TO MAKE A .025 LITRE OF FINAL SOLUTION. CALCULATE THE HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION (IN mol1-1)IN THIS SOLUTION. GIVE YOUR ANSWER IN SCIENTIFIC NOTATION TO AN APPROPRIATE NUMBER OF SIG. FIGS. SHOW THE SUCCESSIVE STEPS IN THE CALCULATION AND EXPLAIN YOUR REASONING.

Question

A 21g SAMPLE OF SULFURIC ACID IS DISSOLVED COMPLETELY IN SUFFICIENT WATER TO MAKE A .025 LITRE OF FINAL SOLUTION. CALCULATE THE HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION (IN mol1-1)IN THIS SOLUTION. GIVE YOUR ANSWER IN SCIENTIFIC NOTATION TO AN APPROPRIATE NUMBER OF SIG. FIGS. SHOW THE SUCCESSIVE STEPS IN THE CALCULATION AND EXPLAIN YOUR REASONING.

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Answer 1

To calculate the hydrogen ion concentration (in mol^-1) in the solution, we need to use the concept of molarity. Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

In this case, we have a 21g sample of sulfuric acid dissolved in sufficient water to make a 0.025-liter solution. The first step is to convert the mass of sulfuric acid to moles.

The molar mass of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is calculated as follows:
(2 × atomic mass of hydrogen) + atomic mass of sulfur + (4 × atomic mass of oxygen)
= (2 × 1.008 g/mol) + 32.06 g/mol + (4 × 16.00 g/mol)
= 98.09 g/mol

Now, we can calculate the number of moles of sulfuric acid:
Number of moles = mass / molar mass
= 21 g / 98.09 g/mol
= 0.2143 mol

Next, we need to calculate the volume of the solution in liters:
Volume of solution = 0.025 L

Finally, we can calculate the hydrogen ion concentration (in mol^-1) using the formula:
Molarity (M) = moles of solute / volume of solution

Hydrogen ion concentration (in mol^-1) = moles of hydrogen ions / volume of solution

Since sulfuric acid dissociates in water to produce two hydrogen ions (H+) per molecule, the number of moles of hydrogen ions is twice the number of moles of sulfuric acid.
Number of moles of hydrogen ions = 2 × 0.2143 mol
= 0.4286 mol

Now, we can calculate the hydrogen ion concentration:
Hydrogen ion concentration = 0.4286 mol / 0.025 L
= 17.143 mol^-1

To express our answer in scientific notation, we move the decimal point to the appropriate position to have a single nonzero digit before the decimal point:
Hydrogen ion concentration = 1.7143 × 10^1 mol^-1

Therefore, the hydrogen ion concentration in the solution is 1.7143 × 10^1 mol^-1 (to an appropriate number of significant figures).