Is ATP synthesized when chemical bonds between carbon atoms are formed during photosynthesis OR when energy stored in chemical bonds is released during cellular respiration?
energy stored in chemical bonds is released during cellular respiration
ATP is synthesized during both processes: photosynthesis and cellular respiration. During photosynthesis, ATP is synthesized when chemical bonds between carbon atoms are formed. Specifically, ATP is produced in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis when light energy is captured by chlorophyll and used to power the synthesis of ATP from ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate.
On the other hand, during cellular respiration, ATP is synthesized when the energy stored in chemical bonds (such as glucose) is released. This process takes place in the mitochondria of cells and involves the breakdown of glucose through a series of biochemical reactions. The energy released from the breakdown of glucose is used to generate ATP through the processes of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), and oxidative phosphorylation.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is primarily synthesized during cellular respiration when energy stored in chemical bonds is released. During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down through a series of biochemical reactions, releasing energy. This energy is used to generate ATP molecules. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells and involves three main steps: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
During photosynthesis, on the other hand, ATP is not directly synthesized when chemical bonds between carbon atoms are formed. Instead, photosynthesis is a process where light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of glucose. In plants, photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts. It involves two main stages: the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions (also known as the Calvin cycle). The light-dependent reactions capture energy from sunlight and store it in the form of ATP and another energy carrier molecule called NADPH. These energy-rich molecules are then used in the light-independent reactions to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.
So, while photosynthesis indirectly contributes to the production of ATP by providing the necessary energy-rich molecules (ATP and NADPH) that can be utilized during cellular respiration, the direct synthesis of ATP occurs during cellular respiration when the energy stored in chemical bonds (such as glucose) is released.