which of the following will inhibit the release of calcium by hormone bound to Gq coupled receptor?
A. PLC inhibitor
B. PKC inhibitor
C. Cholera Toxin
D. Phosphodiesterase
E. none of the above
I said B.
Which is not a characteristic of cell signaling cascade?
a. It amplifies the signal
b. It distributes the signal to many processes
c. each stop can be modulated
D. It always involves ion flux
I said D
Are your answers incorrect?
I don't know
I don't know
To determine whether your answers are correct, let's analyze each question and the options provided.
Question 1: Which of the following will inhibit the release of calcium by a hormone bound to a Gq-coupled receptor?
Options:
A. PLC inhibitor
B. PKC inhibitor
C. Cholera Toxin
D. Phosphodiesterase
E. none of the above
Based on the information provided, you selected option B, which is a PKC inhibitor.
Explanation to find the answer:
To inhibit the release of calcium by a hormone bound to a Gq-coupled receptor, we need to consider the signaling pathways involved. Gq-coupled receptors activate the phospholipase C (PLC) enzyme, which leads to the generation of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). IP3 then triggers the release of calcium from intracellular stores.
To inhibit the release of calcium, we would need to target the steps leading to IP3 production or calcium release. Looking at the options provided, we can eliminate options C (Cholera Toxin) and D (Phosphodiesterase) because they do not directly influence the PLC pathway.
Option A (PLC inhibitor) directly inhibits the key enzyme involved in IP3 generation, which would affect calcium release. If selected, this option would inhibit the release of calcium.
Option B (PKC inhibitor) does not directly inhibit the PLC pathway, so it would not directly affect calcium release in this context.
Therefore, the most suitable answer would be option E, "none of the above," as none of the provided options directly inhibits the release of calcium by a hormone bound to a Gq-coupled receptor.
Moving on to the next question:
Question 2: Which is not a characteristic of cell signaling cascade?
Options:
a. It amplifies the signal
b. It distributes the signal to many processes
c. Each step can be modulated
d. It always involves ion flux
Based on the information provided, you selected option D, "It always involves ion flux."
Explanation to find the answer:
To determine the characteristic that does not apply to a cell signaling cascade, we need to examine the options and understand the general features of a signaling cascade.
Options a and b both describe key characteristics of a signaling cascade. Signaling cascades often involve amplification, where a small initial signal leads to a much larger response, and they distribute signals to multiple processes or downstream effectors.
Option c is also accurate, as each step in a signaling cascade can be modulated, meaning that the strength and duration of the signal can be adjusted or modified at various stages.
Option d states that ion flux always involves in cell signaling cascades. While ion flux can be involved in certain signaling pathways, it is not a universal characteristic of all signaling cascades. There are many signaling pathways that do not directly involve ion flux.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D, "It always involves ion flux."
Based on this analysis, it seems that your answer for Question 2 is correct, while the answer for Question 1 might be incorrect.