The pH of a chemical solution is given by the formula pH = -log10 [H+] where [H+] is the concentration of hydrogen ions in moles per liter. Values of pH range from 0 (acidic) to 14 (alkaline).

(a) what is the pH of the solution for which [H+] is 0.1?
(b) What happens to pH as the hydrogen ion concentration decreases?
(c)Determine the hydrogen ion concentration of an orange pH =3.8
(d) Determine the hydrogen ion concentration of human blood pH =7.4

All of these are simple log questions.

Are you having trouble with logs? For example, the answer to part (a) is just the -log(0.1).

I am. These are all log questions. And I think the main problem is how to put the question into my calculator. I am struggling the logs . Our teacher doesn't seem to teach things to our level.

For (a) use H+ = .01 in the formula to get
pH=-log10[.1] = -log10[10^-1]
For (b) you should see that the - sign before the log tells us the pH and H+ are inversely related.
For (c) set pH=3.8 in the formula and solve for H+
3.8=-log10[H+]
and for (d) 7.4=-log10[H+], so solve for H+.

Hope this helps!

No problem! I'll walk you through the process step by step.

(a) First, let's use the formula pH = -log10 [H+]. Given that [H+] is 0.1, we can substitute this value into the formula to find the pH:
pH = -log10 (0.1)
To evaluate this expression, you can use your calculator's logarithm function. Make sure it's set to base 10 logarithm (log10). So, enter -log(0.1) in your calculator and press enter to get the answer.

(b) As the hydrogen ion concentration decreases, the pH increases. This is because pH is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. As the concentration decreases, the value inside the logarithm becomes smaller, and when you take the negative logarithm of a smaller number, the resulting pH value increases.

(c) To determine the hydrogen ion concentration of an orange with pH = 3.8, we can use the formula pH = -log10 [H+]. Substitute the given pH value into the formula:
3.8 = -log10 [H+]
To solve for [H+], we need to isolate it. Multiply both sides of the equation by -1 to get rid of the negative sign:
-3.8 = log10 [H+]
Now, take the antilog (10 raised to the power) of both sides to get rid of the logarithm:
[H+] = 10^(-3.8)
Use your calculator to evaluate this expression and find the value of [H+].

(d) Similar to (c), to determine the hydrogen ion concentration of human blood with pH = 7.4, we can use the formula pH = -log10 [H+]:
7.4 = -log10 [H+]
Again, multiply both sides by -1 to isolate [H+]:
-7.4 = log10 [H+]
Now, take the antilog (10 raised to the power) of both sides:
[H+] = 10^(-7.4)
Evaluate this expression using your calculator to find the value of [H+].

Remember to use a calculator that allows you to calculate logarithms and exponentiation in base 10 (log10) for these calculations.

No problem! I can help you with these log questions. Let's break them down step-by-step:

(a) To find the pH of a solution when [H+] is 0.1, use the formula pH = -log10[H+]:
pH = -log10[0.1]
Now, applying the log rule log10[x] = -log10[1/x], we have:
pH = -log10[10^-1]
Using the log rule log10[10^x] = x, we can simplify further:
pH = -(-1)
pH = 1

(b) As the hydrogen ion concentration decreases, the pH increases. This is because the pH scale is logarithmic, meaning that each pH unit represents a tenfold change in the hydrogen ion concentration. So, as the hydrogen ion concentration decreases (becomes more diluted), the pH value increases (becomes more basic).

(c) To determine the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution with pH = 3.8, we can rearrange the formula pH = -log10[H+]:
3.8 = -log10[H+]
Applying the log rule log10[x] = -log10[1/x], we have:
-3.8 = log10[H+]
Using the inverse log rule 10^(-logx) = x, we can calculate the hydrogen ion concentration:
[H+] = 10^(-3.8)
[H+] ≈ 1.58 x 10^(-4) mol/L

(d) Similarly, to determine the hydrogen ion concentration of human blood with pH = 7.4, we rearrange the formula pH = -log10[H+]:
7.4 = -log10[H+]
Again, applying the log rule log10[x] = -log10[1/x], we have:
-7.4 = log10[H+]
Using the inverse log rule 10^(-logx) = x, we can calculate the hydrogen ion concentration:
[H+] = 10^(-7.4)
[H+] ≈ 2.51 x 10^(-8) mol/L

I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.