Distinguish between table salt dissolving in water and sugar dissolving in water.

The formula for table sugar is C12H22O11. It freely dissolves in water as the sugar molecules; i.e., it is in solution as C12H22O11. On the other hand, table salt is NaCl. When it dissolves in water it dissociates into sodium ions (Na^+) and chloride ions (Cl^-). I hope this helps.

To distinguish between table salt dissolving in water and sugar dissolving in water, we need to understand their molecular structures and how they interact with water molecules.

When table salt (NaCl) dissolves in water, the ionic bond between sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) is broken. The polar water molecules surround the individual ions and pull them apart, resulting in the formation of Na+ and Cl- ions. This process is called dissociation. The freely moving ions spread evenly throughout the water, forming a solution of sodium ions and chloride ions.

On the other hand, sugar (C12H22O11) is a molecular compound, which means its individual molecules are bonded together by covalent bonds. When sugar dissolves in water, the water molecules break the intermolecular bonds between the sugar molecules, but the sugar molecules themselves remain intact. The sugar molecules become surrounded by the water molecules, forming a homogeneous mixture or solution.

So, the key difference is that when salt dissolves in water, it dissociates into individual ions (Na+ and Cl-), while sugar remains as intact molecules (C12H22O11) when it dissolves in water. This difference is due to the ionic nature of salt and the covalent molecular nature of sugar.